Acid Naming Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste An acid is an anion with one or more H+ cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…HCl Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: chloride hydrochloric acid How do you know it’s an acid?

More Practice… Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCN 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: cyanide hydrocyanic acid

Remember… Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid. They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2SO4 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid

Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen…HNO2 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid

Acid Naming Rule #3 perchlorate HClO4 chlorate perchloric acid HClO3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO perchloric acid chloric acid hypochlorous acid chlorous acid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perbromate bromate bromite hypobromite HBrO4 HBrO3 HBrO2 HBrO perbromic acid bromic acid hypobromous acid bromous acid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

Acid Naming Summary Ex’s: HF, H2S, H3N Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4 NO Oxygen Always: Hydro[anion root]ic acid CONTAINS Oxygen What is the key anion? How many oxygens does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”? (prefix)[anion root](suffix) acid Ex’s: HF, H2S, H3N Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4 hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid nitric acid, nitrous acid, hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid

Flow Chart From Textbook Does the anion contain oxygen

The generic formula for an acid is HA (aq) ACIDS In its simplest form, an inorganic acid is defined as a hydrogen salt dissolved in water. By this definition a simple inorganic acid exists in the aqueous state. The generic formula for an acid is HA (aq) NOTE: they all have the generic formula H-anion Preview of some acids: Formula Salt/gas Formula aqueous HCl hydrogen chloride HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid HF hydrogen fluoride HF (aq) hydrofluoric acid HNO3 hydrogen nitrate HNO3 (aq) nitric acid HC2H3O2 hydrogen acetate HC2H3O2 (aq) acetic acid HClO4 hydrogen perchlorate HClO4 (aq) perchloric acid

EXAMPLES: Formula Salt/gas Formula aqueous HNO2 hydrogen nitrite HNO2 (aq) nitrous acid HNO3 hydrogen nitrate HNO3 (aq) nitric acid H2SO3 hydrogen sulfite H2SO3 (aq) sulfurous acid H2SO4 hydrogen sulfate H2SO4 (aq) sulfuric acid H2CO3 hydrogen carbonate H2CO3 (aq) carbonic acid

H2SO4 (aq) HI (aq) H2C2O4 (aq) PRACTICE PROBLEMS #9D Give the formula for the name or the name for the formula. H2S H2SO3 (aq) HF (aq) HClO2 HIO (aq) HNO2 H2SO4 (aq) HI (aq) H2C2O4 (aq) Acetic acid nitrous acid iodic acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrofluoric acid Sulfurous acid Chlorous acid Nitrous acid Hypoiodous acid Oxalic acid Hydroiodic acid Sulfuric acid HC2H3O2 (aq) HNO2 (aq) HIO3 (aq)

GROUP STUDY PROBLEMS #9D Give the formula for the name or the name for the formula. H2SO4(aq) H3PO4 (aq) HBr (aq) HClO (aq) HBrO4 (aq) HNO3 (aq) H2CO3 (aq) H3BrO3 (aq) H2C2O4 Phosphorous acid hydroiodic acid chloric acid Phosphoric acid Hydrobromic acid sulfuric acid Hypochlorous acid perbromic acid Nitric acid H3PO3 (aq) HI (aq) HClO3 (aq)