13 Colonies and the Reaction to the Quebec Act The 13 colonies  Upset because of « intolerable laws » « Sugar tax »/ « Stamp Act »/ « tea tax » / Closing of the Boston Harbor / Quebec Act  Intolerable = unacceptable 13 Colonies are done with this kind of treatment  REVOLUTION!!!

1775 : Invasion of the Province of Québec 1774 : 1st congress George Washington in charge of American army Americans wanted to recrut the « Canadiens » 1775 : Invasion of the province Arnold et Montgomery battle in Quebec Washington

Reactions to the invasion Arnold Montgomery

Quebec Act Invasion Action Clerge (French) Happy For England Encourage « Canadiens » to join Brit. army Seigneurs (French) Against Americans Enrole as officers in Brit. Army « Montrealers » Ambivalent Divided for / against Sympathtic of Americans but mostly stay loyal to Brit. « Canadiens » torn Neutral / passive resistance Don’t care all that much

Steps of the American Revolution 1776: USA declares independance (Thomas Jefferson) 1776 – 1783: American Revolutionary War The French (from France) help the Americans win the war. 1783: Treaty of Versailles USA becomes independent country Province of Quebec looses Ohio valley

Territorial and Economic Consequences of the Treaty of Versailles 1783

1. Territory change after the Treaty of Versailles 1783 United States 13 colonies Ohio Valley ½ of the Great Lakes region (Southern) England Losses 13 colonies Losses ½ of Great Lakes region and Ohio Valley Keeps Province of Quebec Keeps Ruperts Land Keeps Nova Scotia and Newfoundland

Major Territory Change After T.O.V. -1783

Territory change after the Treaty of Versailles 1783 Province of Québec losses ½ of Great Lakes Region and Ohio Valley Loss of very important territory for fur trade

2. Fur trading network broken Difficulties: 1) Los of the O.V. and G.L. Waterway network broken  can’t get or transport furs as easily Hurts Montreal, an important fur trading city

Fur trading network broken Americans are sending furs to Philadelphia and N.Y.C The Spanish are taking furs from the south West (West of Mississippi River)

Solution  Create another trading company Start a company that focuses the fur trade in the North-West The « North-West Company »  Problem  Longer and further to get furs  price of fur rises significantly

3. The Loyalists Who are the Loyalists? Loyalists arrive in New Brunswick Who are the Loyalists? People from the 13 colonies that remained LOYAL to England Refused independance

Loyalists arrive along the Great Lakes The Loyalists Why are the Loyalists moving to the Province of Quebec? They are considered to be traitors by the American and suffered bad treatment Others liked the economic opportunities in the P.O.Q. Loyalists arrive along the Great Lakes

The Loyalists How many Loyalists are there? 100 000 leave USA in 15 years 30 000 to England 30 000 to Caribbean 40 000 in the British Colonies North of USA Newfoundland P.E.I. Acadia (Nova Scotia / N.B.) Province of Québec Loyalists arrive at the Baie of Quinte

The Loyalists Where do the Loyalists go in the P.O.Q.? Montréal Eastern Townships West of the Ottawa River Along the Great Lakes (Ontario, Erie, Huron)

The Loyalists What do the Loyalists complain about in the P.O.Q? Living in a French territory  Law, language, religion…. No House of Assembly  Not democratic!

Les Loyalistes What are the demands of the Loyalists? To live in a territory that is English with English laws! A House of Assembly!!!