Section 1 Vocabulary Access Biology Unit 4 Genetics Section 1 Vocabulary Access Biology

Sections for the Genetic Unit Vocabulary Vocabulary with videos What is DNA? Genetics Biotechnology Sections for the Genetic Unit

Essential Questions/Big Ideas What are genes? How are they connected to DNA? What is the purpose of genes and DNA? What is Genetics and who is Mendel? What is a Punnett Square and how can they be used to predict traits? What is a mutation and how does it impact genes? How does biotechnology impact our lives? What are the pros and cons of biotechnology? Essential Questions/Big Ideas

SC.912.L.16.In.5 Identify ways that biotechnology has impacted society and the environment, such as the development of new medicines and farming techniques. SC.912.L.16.Su.4 Recognize that new medicines and foods can be developed by science (biotechnology). SC.912.L.16.Pa.4 Recognize a food. SC.912.L.16.10 Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society and the environment, including medical and ethical issues. SC.912. L.16. In.1 Identify that genes are sets of instructions that determine which characteristics are passed from parent to offspring. SC.912. L.16.Su.1 Recognize characteristics (traits) that offspring inherit from parents. SC.912. L.16. Pa.1 Recognize similar characteristics (traits) between a child and parents, such as hair, eye, and skin color, or height. SC.912. L.16.1 Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance. SC.912.L.16.In.3 Recognize that a substance called DNA carries genetic information in all organisms, and changes (mutations) in DNA can be helpful or harmful to an organism. SC.912.L.16.Su.2 Recognize that all organisms have a substance called DNA with unique information. SC.912.L.16.Pa.2 Recognize similarities in characteristics of plants and animals of the same type (species). SC.912.L.16.3 Describe the basic process of DNA replication and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic information. SC.912.L.16.In.3 Recognize that a substance called DNA carries genetic information in all organisms, and changes (mutations) in DNA can be helpful or harmful to an organism. SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes. SC.912.L.16.In.4 Identify that cancer can result when cells change or grow uncontrollably. SC.912.L.16.Su.3 Recognize that cancer may result when cells change or grow too fast. SC.912.L.16.Pa.3 Recognize that illness can result when parts of our bodies are not working properly. SC.912.L.16.8 Explain the relationship between mutation, cell cycle, and uncontrolled cell growth potentially resulting in cancer. SC.912.L.16.Pa.2 Recognize similarities in characteristics of plants and animals of the same type (species).  SC.912.L.16.9 Explain how and why the genetic code is universal and is common to almost all organisms. SC.912.L.14.In.4 Describe common human health issues. SC.912.L.14.Su.3 Recognize common human health issues. SC.912.L.14.Pa.3 Identify ways to prevent infection from bacteria and viruses, such as hand washing and first aid. SC.912.L.14.6 Explain the significance of genetic factors, environmental factors, and pathogenic agents to health from the perspectives of both individual and public health Standards

DNA DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It’s the genetic code that determines all the characteristics of a living thing

RNA RNA or ribonucleic acid transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes

genes A gene is the basic biological unit of heredity

Biotechnology  This is a technology that involves the use of living organisms. Scientists use cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet.

transformation This is any change in an organism that alters its general character and mode of life

translation This refers to the process of creating proteins from an mRNA template

replication the process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA

inbreeding This is a mode of breeding involving two individuals or organisms that are closely or genetically related

selective breeding This is also known as artificial selection. It is is the process by which humans control the breeding of plants or animals in order to exhibit or eliminate a particular characteristic

clone When a cell, group of cells, or organism that is produced asexually and is genetically identical to a single ancestor

genetic marker A gene or short sequence of DNA used to identify a chromosome or to locate other genes on a genetic map

gene therapy This is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease

forensic scientific tests or techniques used in connection with the detection of crime

DNA finger printing This is a laboratory technique used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation

double helix This is a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule

hydrogen bond An attraction between two atoms that already participate in other chemical bonds

alleles An alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome

Refers to offspring resulting from a true breeding purebred Refers to offspring resulting from a true breeding

phenotype refers to the observable physical properties of an organism; these include the organism's appearance, development, and behavior

embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo

genetic engineering the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material

Gregor Mendel He was the first person to lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics.

nucleotide  is one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA

technology  refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes

agriculture the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating  land, raising  crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming

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