From Neutrality to War.

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Presentation transcript:

From Neutrality to War

Neutrality Act 1935 Why? Response to growing Italian and German aggression What? Makes it illegal for Americans to sell arms to any country at war Demonstrates no desire from the public to get involved

Neutrality Act 1936 Why? Stop any intervention at all What? Extends ban on arms sales to a ban on loans to nations at war At least if you can’t help small countries being overtaken don’t allow the big powers to borrow money etc.

Neutrality act 1937 Why? Response to growing Fascist threat and desire of America to not get involved at all; Axis powers form (Japan, Italy, Germany). Try and prevent any action from drawing U.S. into war (WWI) What? Required any country at war to buy all nonmilitary supplies on a “cash and carry basis” i.e. no loans and no delivery (cargo ships being attacked); still can’t buy weapons

Neutrality Act 1939 Why? Help Britain and France What? Allowed the sale of weapons on a “cash and carry” basis FDR circumvents by giving destroyers for a naval base (technically not a purchase)

Lend-Lease Act Why? Britain running out of money to fight What? Allowed the U.S. to lend or lease arms to countries considered vital to the defense of the U.S.; return or pay for them after war Developed hemispheric defense zone making all of western Atlantic “neutral” Had to get the supplies to Britain but Germany sinking many ships; had navy patrol Atlantic to help British ships; can’t officially defend since neutral

More Response (notes) Roosevelt and Churchill meet in August 1941 Develop the Atlantic Charter Commit to democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement, and freedom of the seas Roosevelt trying to get more involved

War FDR applies economic pressure to Japan Depend on the U.S. for oil, iron, steel etc. FDR sends lend-lease aid to China, whom Japan was attacking Freezes all Japanese assets in U.S.; reduces oil shipments As U.S. and Japan negotiate Japan attacks the fleet at Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 2,403 Americans die (largest loss of life until 9/11) Why so shocking? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhtuMrMVJ Dk&t=157s

Four Freedoms Speech Read and annotate the speech, answering the questions as you read Due tomorrow beginning of class