The Future of Connectedness: Broadband and Beyond Douglas Van Houweling President and CEO, Internet2 31 January 2002

Success of the Internet Millions of People Source: Nua Internet Surveys 4/4/2019

Today The telecommunications industry is no more competitive than in 1996 Internet access in the home and small business is still predominantly dialup The promise of the Internet has been eclipsed by the .com crash TechNet and CSPP call for 100 megabit Internet service to the home 4/4/2019

Today’s Internet Doesn’t Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications 4/4/2019

The Internet and Innovation Lesson of the Web: unanticipated innovation Network growth and value are non- linear New technologies enable qualitatively different uses Users become innovators Network traffic is still doubling every year 4/4/2019

Internet2 Mission and Goals Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet 4/4/2019

Internet2 Universities 190 Universities as of January 2002 4/4/2019

Internet2 Corporate Partners 4/4/2019

Additional Membership Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members Over 40 Affiliate Members Government Research Agencies National Institutes of Health National Science Foundation NASA NOAA USGS (Earth Resources Observations Systems) 4/4/2019

International MoU Partners Europe-Middle East ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) POL-34 (Poland) RCCN (Portugal) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) Asia-Pacific AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) APAN-KR (Korea) APRU (Asia-Pacific) CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand) SingAREN (Singapore) TAnet2 (Taiwan) Americas CANARIE (Canada) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP2 (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) 4/4/2019

Work of Internet2 Member-focused Member-led Supported by core central staff In concert with Federal, state, and regional initiatives Coordinated with other organizations in networking (IETF, Educause, ISOC) 4/4/2019

Internet2 Backbone Network: Abilene 2.4 gigabits per second (Gbps) 207 Internet2 member institutions in 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico Over 3 million potential users Sponsored participation 37 individual institutions 18 state education networks Upgrading to 10 Gbps 4/4/2019

Extending Availability: State Educational Networks Internet2 members sponsor Abilene participation Currently 18 State-based education networks Enables collaboration using advanced networking for K20, museums, libraries, etc Additional regional and state investment 4/4/2019

Typical Internet2 University Network Connection Internet2 Backbones (2.4 Gbps) University Campus University Campus 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps Department 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps 100 Mbps Regional Network 622 Mbps-2.4 Gbps Lab or Classroom 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps University Campus 4/4/2019

Network Video Bandwidth Requirements Video Quality Bandwidth Typical Internet webcast 33.6 kilobits Current broadband video 128-250 kilobits per second TV-Quality Video (H.323 & MPEG-1) 768 kilobits-1.5 megabits per second DVD-quality Video (MPEG-2) 5 megabits per second Compressed HDTV (consumer) 20-30 megabits per second Uncompressed HDTV 1.5 gigabits per second 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications High Definition Television/IP Raw HDTV/IP 1.5 Gbps University of Washington Tektronix ISI/USC DARPA 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications Collaboration Recording Studio that Spans a Continent McGill University 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications Distance Education Master music classes University of Oklahoma Columbia University 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications Remote Access to Scientific Instruments Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii/NSF 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications Tele-medicine Distributed Real-time, 3-D MRI NSF/Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications Virtual Laboratories Real-Time Tele-Operation of Remote Equipment North Carolina State University 4/4/2019

Advanced Network Applications Tele-immersion Office of the Future NSF Access Grid Alliance 4/4/2019

Middleware Increasingly important as resources and services are network-centric Network-based services supporting applications Authentication Identification Authorization Billing Directories Commercial efforts Microsoft’s .NET Liberty Alliance 4/4/2019

Next Steps in Advanced Networking Next generation of Internet protocols (IPv6) Deploying Middleware Explore optical technologies New types of transport technologies All-optical switching Potential for another 10x leap in bandwidth 4/4/2019

GigaBand Requirements vs. Current Broadband Technology GigaBand Requires Current Broadband At least 100 Mbps 7/24/365 Less than 1 Mbps-10 Mbps Equal capacity upstream and downstream Unequal upstream and downstream capacity End-to-End Architecture Impediments to end-to-end architecture (Firewalls, NATs, Filtering, etc.) Network-wide standards compliant authentication & security Site-specific non-standard authentication & security 4/4/2019

Last Mile Options for GigaBand Phone lines Twisted pair doesn’t have sufficient capacity without fiber distribution to the curb Cable TV Current ‘channelization’ won’t support GigaBand Restructured architecture could provide gigabit service Wireless Current licensed/unlicensed spectrum insufficient Massive spectrum reallocation required for needed capacity 4/4/2019

Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships 4/4/2019 Source: Ivan Moura Campos

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