Electrostatics-review The forces governing all the behavior of molecules and ions in solution can be understood almost entirely in terms of classical electrostatics. At a very fundamental level, the Hellman-Feynman theorem assures us that even if we need to calculate the charge distributions quantum mechanically, the resulting electrostatic interactions can be determined classically, even down to the sub-atomic level. The intermolecular or non-bonded interactions we should consider are those between net charges, dipoles, and apolar (but polarizable) atoms and molecules. The hydrogen bond is also largely electrostatic in origin, although the degree of covalent character is still under debate.

Electrostatic interactions

Electric dipoles and related phenomena

Ion-Dipole Interactions

Dielectrics

Polarizability and Induced Dipoles