Volume 92, Issue 1, Pages 67-78 (July 2017) Renal function in relation to sodium intake: a quantitative review of the literature  Kyoko Nomura, Kei Asayama, Lotte Jacobs, Lutgarde Thijs, Jan A. Staessen  Kidney International  Volume 92, Issue 1, Pages 67-78 (July 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032 Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Selection of studies. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Forest plot of mean difference (95% confidence intervals) of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per 100 mmol/d increment in sodium intake derived from urinary or dietary measurements in 6 cross-sectional studies. Squares represent individual studies and have a size proportional to the inverse of the variance of the association size in each study. Number of participants (No.) and mean sodium intake in the low and high sodium exposure groups are given. If mean sodium intake was not reported, the upper and lower limits of the low and high sodium exposure groups were given instead. Detailed information on each study is available in Table 1. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Forest plot of odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for albuminuria per 100 mmol/d increment in the estimated sodium intake in 8 cross-sectional studies. Squares represent individual studies and have a size proportional to the inverse of the variance of the effect size in each study. Number of participants (No.) and mean sodium intake in the low and high sodium exposure groups are given. If mean sodium intake was not reported, the upper and lower limits of the low and high sodium exposure groups were given instead. Detailed information, including outcome assessment and covariables adjusted, is available in Table 1. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Forest plot of relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for renal endpoints per 100 mmol/d increment in the estimated sodium intake in 5 cohort studies. Squares represent individual studies and have a size proportional to the inverse of the variance of the effect size in each study. Outcomes: CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Detailed information on each study is available in Table 2. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Forest plot of the percentage difference (95% confidence intervals) in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance between the high and low sodium intake groups rescaled to a 100 mmol/d difference in estimated sodium intake. Squares represent individual studies and have a size proportional to the inverse of the variance of the effect size in each trial. Detailed information on each study is available in Table 3. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Forest plot of the percentage difference (95% confidence intervals) in albuminuria between the high and low sodium intake groups rescaled to a 100 mmol/d difference in estimated sodium intake. Squares represent individual studies and have a size proportional to the inverse of the variance of the effect size in each trial. Detailed information on each study is available in Table 3. Outcomes: UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Meta-regression analysis of the percentage difference in the renal outcome plotted versus the duration of the intervention in 6 trials. The regression line was drawn with 95% confidence intervals and weighted for the inverse of the variance of the effect sizes in individual studies. Circles have a size proportional to the number of participants. P denotes significance of the regression slope. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Supplementary Figure 1 Funnel plot of mean difference (95% confidence intervals) in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for a 100 mmol/day increment in the estimated sodium intake. Trial size was plotted against the difference in eGFR. Table 3 and Figure 5 provide detailed information on each study. Kidney International 2017 92, 67-78DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.032) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions