What does an atom look like?

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Presentation transcript:

What does an atom look like? How did scientists figure out what it looks like?

Atomic Theory

Democritus Smallest piece of all matter is not divisible He named the smallest piece of matter “atomos,” meaning “not to be cut.”

John Dalton 1760-1844 Father of Modern Atomic Theory matter is made of atoms atoms in an element are identical different elements have different atoms atoms maintain their mass even in a chemical reaction

J.J. Thomson 1897

When a magnet was placed near the beam of light, it separated into two parts

When a magnet was placed near the beam of light, it separated into two parts

Thomson Model Where did they come from? This surprised Thomson, because the atoms of the gas were uncharged. Where had the negative charges come from?

Thomson Model Proposed a model of the atom that is sometimes called the “Plum Pudding” model. a sphere with negatively charged electrons scattered.

J.J. Thomson 1897 discovered electrons (charged particles)

Rutherford 1911 Using atoms to see what is inside of other atoms

Rutherford

Rutherford Experiment Molecular Expressions

Rutherford’s experiment: Discovery of the Nucleus Most of positively charged particles Rutherford shot at the gold foil passed right through without changing course at all. However, some did bounce away from the gold sheet as if they had hit something solid. He knew that positive charges repel positive charges. Rutherford found the Nucleus

Rutherford’s model A nucleus in the center, with electrons moving around in the open space

1) Most of the volume of the atom is ... empty space

2) Virtually all mass atom found in ... ... the nucleus

3) Strong, positive charge in the center of atom 3) Strong, positive charge in the center of atom

Relative Sizes in the Atom Hear Thomson talk the Electron

Did you know ... If the atom were the size of a football stadium, the nucleus would be the size of a....

.... a marble!!!

Bohr Model Electrons move in definite orbits around the positive nucleus Like the planets orbiting the sun. These orbits, or energy levels, are located at certain distances from the nucleus.