The role of Genetics and DNA in Evolution (Ch 16.1)

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Presentation transcript:

The role of Genetics and DNA in Evolution (Ch 16.1) Dec 2018 Biology 11

The Role of Genetics in Evolution Darwin knew that traits were inherited, but not how they were inherited. Genes provide the variation necessary for evolution.

Recall: There are 2 mechanisms of variation: 1. Meiosis. This reshuffles genes creating new combinations of genes. 2. Mutation. This provides new genes. Both result in the variation necessary for evolution to occur.

Variation is random. Combinations of genes are determined by chance, as are the resulting variations.

Variation provides the raw material for natural selection.

Now recall: Gene Alleles a section of DNA code that determines the traits of an organism Alleles Different forms of a gene at a particular point on a chromosome.

Genotype vs Phenotype Genotype = Phenotype GENETIC makeup Phenotype PHYSICAL make up or characteristics E.g. You may have brown eyes with BB or Bb

Gene pool = The collection of genes held by all members of a population.

A population (definition) Is a collection of individuals of the same species in a given area whose members can breed with each other. Example: The wolves of Jasper National Park Brown bears in Southern BC

Relative frequency of alleles The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles of the same gene occur.