Nature of Bacteria and Fungi Higher Level only

Learning Objectives Discuss the prokaryotic nature of bacteria Discuss the eukaryotic nature of fungi

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Living things can be divided into two categories with regard to the structure and complexity of their cells: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles e.g. bacterial cells Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles e.g. plant, animal, protist and fungal cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic - Bacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic cells Their kingdom Monera is also referred to as prokaryotae They are extremely small (0.5 – 10 μm)

Prokaryotic - Bacteria As they do not have a true nucleus, bacterial DNA is found as a circular loop floating freely in the cytoplasm They do not have membrane enclosed organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts

Eukaryotic – Fungi, plants, animals, protists The cells of all other kingdoms are eukaryotic More advanced they have a true nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles evolved from prokaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells e.g. Bacteria Eukaryotic cells e.g. Fungi Extremely small Larger No nucleus Nucleus No membrane enclosed organelles Membrane enclosed organelles DNA circular (loop) DNA arranged into chromosomes Cell division preceded by DNA replication Cell division preceded by mitosis or meiosis

Learning Check What two categories can cells be placed in? In what way does a bacterial cell differ from a fungal cell?

Syllabus

Depth of treatment Prokaryotic nature of bacteria Eukaryotic nature of fungi