Modern America In what ways did the Civil War fail to liberate African Americans between 1865-1900?

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Presentation transcript:

Modern America In what ways did the Civil War fail to liberate African Americans between 1865-1900?

Main Points Political Social Economic Attempts and failure Liberty and oppression Economic Freedom and dependence

13th Amendment (1865) Black Codes Civil Rights Act (1866) Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist within the U.S. Black Codes Maintain slave-like condition No leaving of employment Plantation discipline Civil Rights Act (1866) Citizenship to all persons born in U.S.

Freedman’s Bureau (1865-1872) Not enough economic resources Set up to help freed slaves built a new life Not enough economic resources Great resistance from the South economic and political threat

14th Amendment (1866) Radical Republicans Ratification Reaffirmed state and federal citizenship regardless of race born or naturalised in US Radical Republicans Ratification Ratified only by Tennessee Rest of South resisted 1866 riots in Memphis and New Orleans Reconstruction Act (1867) southern states must accept black suffrage and ratify the 14th Amendment

15th Amendment (1870) African American still prevented from voting the right to vote not denied on grounds of race, colour or previous condition of servitude. African American still prevented from voting Stuffed ballot boxes Hidden sites Arrested right before election day Disenfranchisement (1898) Grandfather clause Poll tax Literacy tests

Legislation 1875 and after Civil Rights Act (1875) Outlawed exclusion of African Americans from hotels, theatres, railroads… “Dead letter” Nullified by Supreme Court in 1883 States Rights (1876) Right to control their own affairs in their own way

Political Period 1872-1877 Federal interest in Southern Reconstruction decreased Grant - Amnesty Act (1872) Depression (1873-1879) End of Reconstruction (1877) Compromise act

Legislation 1877 and after The Bourbons (from 1877) dominated southern politics “Let ‘Em Alone Policy” of Hayes Jim Crow laws (1880 -1960) Plessey vs Ferguson (1896) - “separate but equal” “Booker T. Washington Policy” Never claiming social a. political equality