Simulated use of premixed 0

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Simulated use of premixed 0 Simulated use of premixed 0.25% isoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen† J.A. Ross, M.E. Tunstall British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 89, Issue 6, Pages 820-824 (December 2002) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aef279 Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Variable scale broken diagram of breathing circuit and patient simulator. A and B, inserted gas sampling tubes; C and D, inserted thermistor probes within the Entonox™ breathing hose. V, position of demand regulator (Entonox™ valve) connecting gas cylinder to hose; P1, patient end of breathing hose; P2, connection point of patient end to ‘bag-in-bottle’ with uni-directional valves shown; E, closed off expiratory cap on Entonox™ hand-piece; F, connection to sinusoidal pump for actuating the ‘bag-in-bottle’ (patient simulator). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2002 89, 820-824DOI: (10.1093/bja/aef279) Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Temperature changes at the valve end of the breathing hose during the ‘breathing on’ cycle, and the temperature changes on the surface of the middle of the cylinder. Only the lower temperature of the minimal temperature swings at the patient end of the hose are plotted. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2002 89, 820-824DOI: (10.1093/bja/aef279) Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Isoflurane vapour concentrations at the valve and the patient ends of the breathing hose at the beginning of a ‘breathing on’ cycle (20 pump strokes at 2 litres stroke−1). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2002 89, 820-824DOI: (10.1093/bja/aef279) Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 The cooling curve of the temperature (recorded internally at the bottom of the 10-litre cylinder), in the emptying experiment superimposed on the dew curve for IN2O (the temperature in the cylinder at which isoflurane starts to condense).4 British Journal of Anaesthesia 2002 89, 820-824DOI: (10.1093/bja/aef279) Copyright © 2002 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions