Revolutions in Europe and Latin America Section 2: Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 French Rebels Win in 1830 Charles X of France: tried to reinstate absolute rule. French citizens barricaded the streets of Paris; fired on soldiers. Charles fled to England. Citizens made Louis Philippe “citizen king”; he instituted limited suffrage. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “ What kinds of images does Tocqueville use to describe the future of Europe?” (images of violence and destruction) ”What does Tocqueville imagine will happen next?” (violent revolution) When showing Color Transparency 120, ask, “How does the artist feel about the July revolution?” (He supports it) “How can you tell?” (He depicted a heroic figure at center, bathed in light, under the tricolor flag) “Why does he include children?” (to symbolize the future) “How does the artist depict violence?” (as heroic, with no blood or gore) When showing Color Transparency 121, ask students to discuss which option was more dangerous to Louis Philippe’s reign in 1848: allowing freedom of the press or forbidding it. When showing Color Transparency 122, ask students to compare how the rulers and the revolutionaries are portrayed in the two cartoons. 1 of 8

Revolutions in Europe and Latin America Section 2: Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 The Spirit of Reform Spread Revolutions sprouted in Europe, some successful & some not. -Belgium won independence; help from Britain and France. -Polish nationalists tried to separate from Russia and lost; no support. The French Revolt Again in 1848 -February 1848, French crowds again revolted by blocking streets. -Forced Louis Philippe from the throne. -Various factions fought for power. -Conflict turned into a struggle between the upper/middle-classes vs the workers. -A constitution was created that allowed every adult male a vote. - Voters elect Louis Napoleon president. Soon, he would become emperor. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “ What kinds of images does Tocqueville use to describe the future of Europe?” (images of violence and destruction) ”What does Tocqueville imagine will happen next?” (violent revolution) When showing Color Transparency 120, ask, “How does the artist feel about the July revolution?” (He supports it) “How can you tell?” (He depicted a heroic figure at center, bathed in light, under the tricolor flag) “Why does he include children?” (to symbolize the future) “How does the artist depict violence?” (as heroic, with no blood or gore) When showing Color Transparency 121, ask students to discuss which option was more dangerous to Louis Philippe’s reign in 1848: allowing freedom of the press or forbidding it. When showing Color Transparency 122, ask students to compare how the rulers and the revolutionaries are portrayed in the two cartoons. 2 of 8

Revolutions in Europe and Latin America Section 2: Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 The Spirit of Reform Spread After the 1848 revolt in France, other revolts broke out in Europe. In part of the Austrian Empire, in Hapsburg dominated Italy, and in the German states rebellions erupted and ultimately failed. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “ What kinds of images does Tocqueville use to describe the future of Europe?” (images of violence and destruction) ”What does Tocqueville imagine will happen next?” (violent revolution) When showing Color Transparency 120, ask, “How does the artist feel about the July revolution?” (He supports it) “How can you tell?” (He depicted a heroic figure at center, bathed in light, under the tricolor flag) “Why does he include children?” (to symbolize the future) “How does the artist depict violence?” (as heroic, with no blood or gore) When showing Color Transparency 121, ask students to discuss which option was more dangerous to Louis Philippe’s reign in 1848: allowing freedom of the press or forbidding it. When showing Color Transparency 122, ask students to compare how the rulers and the revolutionaries are portrayed in the two cartoons. 3 of 8

Revolutions in Europe and Latin America: Section 2 Color Transparency 120: Fighting at the Hotel de Ville, 28th July 1830 4 of 8

Revolutions in Europe and Latin America: Section 2 Color Transparency 122: Europe: 1848 Uprisings 6 of 8

Revolutions in Europe and Latin America: Section 2 Note Taking Transparency 145 7 of 8