Crustal Formations (get to cutting!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dipJir9ZpFU

Earth’s Interior Color it up! Yes, I know it’s beautiful.

The Crust The crust is the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin

Mantle The layer between the crust and the outer core. Makes up about 84% of Earth’s volume. About 3,000 km thick

Lithosphere (Greek for “stone sphere”) up to 100 km thick consists of: O- 45%, Mg- 23%, and Si-22% Asthenosphere (Greek for “weak sphere”) is below the lithosphere soft, plastic-like layer increased heat and pressure

Core about the same size as our moon hot solid iron and nickel (> 6000 Celsius degrees) spins slightly faster than Earth

Outer Core about 2,200C - 5,000C Molten material Thick liquid Enormous pressure

Inner Core About 6,000°C Dense ball of iron and nickel High heat and pressure Atoms cannot slip past each other

A Closer Look at Earth’s Layers

Geologists study two forces 1. Constructive forces shape the surface of the earth by building up mountains and landforms 2. Destructive forces wear down features of the earth

Model of the Earth CRUST LITHOSPHERE OUTER CORE MANTLE INNER CORE ASTHENOSPHERE INNER CORE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plNigVkMyL8

Cut it out!

Oceanic Crust (left side) More dense than continental crust. Made up of mostly basalt. 5 – 10 km thick (3-6 miles) Newer (younger) than continental crust.

Continental Crust (right side) Less dense than oceanic crust. Made up of mostly granite. 30 – 50 km thick (20 - 30 miles) Older than oceanic crust.

Both (middle) Both are part of the Earth’s crust. Both are made of solid material. Both can be found on tectonic plates.

3 Types of Plate Boundaries Forms mountains (cc), volcanic mountain ranges (co), volcanic arc islands (oo) Indo-Australian plate collides with the Eurasian plate to form the Himalayan Mountains. Convergent “colliding”

3 Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent On land, forms rift valleys (cc) In the ocean, forms sea-floor spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (oo) “dividing”

3 Types of Plate Boundaries Transform Causes earthquakes (cc) which can cause tsunamis (oo) San Andreas fault “sliding”

Convection Currents A current of heat flowing from the core to the crust. The convection current along the bottom of the crust causes the moving of the tectonic plates.

Subduction When the denser plate, oceanic, moves underneath the less dense plate, continental, into the mantle. (forms trenches)

Volcanic mountain ranges *Great Rift Valley in Africa *Mid-Atlantic Ridge Continental: rift valleys Oceanic: seafloor spreading Apart, Dividing Sliding past each other The San Andreas Fault in California Earthquakes, Fault lines Colliding into each other Folded Mountains Himalayan Mountains The older plate SUBDUCTS under the newer one Older Newer *Volcanic arc islands *Trenches *Aleutian Islands *Marianas Trench The more dense ocean plate SUBDUCTS under the continental plate Volcanic mountain ranges Andes Mountains O C

Volcanic Activity and Plate Boundaries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXDYoCqwSbM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhxjAAnwNKM&t=2s