Jeremy M. Berg Editor-in-Chief, Science family of journals Peer Review and Recognition: Audiences and Goals Transparency, Recognition, and Innovation in Peer Review, February 7th 2018 Jeremy M. Berg Editor-in-Chief, Science family of journals

Peer Review Audiences: Journal Editors Journals depend on robust peer review to guide publication decisions, improve manuscript quality, and increase credibility Goals Expert assessment of potential importance of findings Technical analysis Identification of other issues

Peer Review Audiences: Authors Authors depend on peer review for the evaluation of their manuscripts Goals Framework for the assessment of their manuscripts under consideration for publication Feedback on conceptual and technical issues associated with their manuscripts and associated projects

Peer Review Audiences: Others Other reviewers Science uses Cross Review in which reviews are shared (anonymously) between reviewers to allow comment and reassessment Other journals allow reviewers to interact in other ways Open peer review

Can peer review be improved? Challenges Can peer review be improved? What are the benchmarks? What areas of improvement are sought? How can participation of appropriate reviewers be encouraged and achieved? Can academic recognition processes be modified to incentivize desired behaviors? Improved assessment of scientific contributions without flawed surrogates Meaningful incorporation of desired community activities such as peer review in academic assessment