Agenda 3/6 LEARNING TARGET History Day Presentations Email Mr. Thein your History Day Website Link! LEARNING TARGET I can describe the nullification crisis of South Carolina and the growing sectionalism between North & South History Day Presentations Guided Notes Growing Sectionalism and The Nullification Crisis Nullification Crisis Reading & Questions THURSDAY/FRIDAY Nullification Poster Project

Growing Sectionalism

Sectionalism By the mid-19th century, distinct regions were developing in the U.S.

Sectionalism Sectionalism: loyalty to the region rather than the nation as a whole Developed due to the social and economic disparity between the North and the South.

The North North and parts of Mid-west increasingly industrialized Growing immigrant population German, Irish, Scandinavian

The South Still relied heavily on agriculture and slave labor Population smaller Politics were dominated by wealthy plantation owners.

Economic Disparity North had more... Manufacturing Food production Larger population Better railroads than the South.

The West As more settlers moved west, the North and the South fought over whether these new territories and states would be free or slave

Stop and Think! Why do you think this was such a hot topic? Why did the North and the South care about slavery in the West?

The Nullification Crisis Should a state have the right to nullify federal law? Who decides if a law is unconstitutional? The Supreme Court? The President? Congress? The States?

The Problem The Tariff of 1828 helped industry in the North, but the farming economy of the South was being hurt by the law. Cotton prices dropped from 31 cents per pound to 8 cents per pound in less than ten years. South Carolina protests against what they saw as an unconstitutional law by “nullifying” it. Nullify-make legally null and void; invalidate

Who created the Constitution and what kind of government was created? Supporters of Nullification The people form the states, and the states form the federal gov. Opponents of Nullification The people came together to directly form the federal gov. Preamble to the Constitution = “We the PEOPLE…”

What documents do they use to support their position? (2nd) Supporters: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 10th Amendment John C. Calhoun (Vice President and South Carolinian) published “Exposition and Protest” anonymously.

10th Amendment “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

What documents do they use to support their position on Nullification? Opponents of Nullification The supremacy of the national government based on the Supremacy Clause (Article VI) of the Constitution.

Who would support this position? Pro-Nullification Anti-Nullification Led by Vice President John C. Calhoun Southern planters who rely on cotton and slavery Those who believe in states’ rights ideology (states should have more power than federal government) Led by President Andrew Jackson Merchants (mostly Northerners) who like the Tariff Those supporting the authority of the federal government

Decision Point: Nullification The Problem The Tariff of 1828 angered many Southern states because it hurt their economy. South Carolina “nullifies” the Tariff.

Decision Point: Nullification Possible Solutions Send in the military and force South Carolina to obey. Could lead to war Revoke the Tariff of 1828. Makes the federal government look weak

Stop and Think! How could you compromise and solve this problem?

Nullification Crisis: What Happened? 1832- SC calls a convention and nullifies the tariff and threatens secession creating major national crisis. Jackson signs the Force Bill and Tariff of 1833 at the same time.

Nullification Crisis: What Happened? Force Bill authorizes military action to collect tariffs and prevent secession. Tariff of 1833 lowers the tax. “With this hand I offer peace, with this hand I offer war, you choose.” – Andrew Jackson

Nullification Crisis: What Happened? SC drops nullification, accepts the compromise tariff but nullifies the Force Bill at the same time. Both sides say they won.

Scenario #1 Imagine that you are living in the South and you want to buy farming equipment You can buy from a Northern company fo $25 a tool You can buy the same tool from a British company for $15. Britain is also a major market for southern cotton. With these factors in mind, which company would you do business with and why?

Scenario #2 You are a Northern businessman that produces farming equipment. The British also produce the same product. How could the government assist in ensuring that you are prosperous in your business?

Scenario #3 Imagine that you are living on the Western frontier For years, you have been dependent on loans from Northern banks and have relied on the Northern states as a market for your crops and products Would you support a tax on foreign goods that would benefit Northern businessess? Explain why!

Nullification Crisis Poster Project Students will get into groups of 4-5 Groups will create a propaganda poster based on their assigned region North, South, West Students will use the regional handout to aid their poster Northern Perspective (A-3) Southern Perspective (A-5) Western Perspective