What strategies might we use to convince others towards action? CLASSICAL ELEMENTS OF PERSUASION Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Driving Question: What strategies might we use to convince others towards action?

Ethos--Defined A persuasive appeal that establishes credibility of the speaker, writer, or source. “The Greek word ethos is related to the word ethics or ethical, but a more accurate modern translation might be ‘image’” (Edlund 2005).

Ethos--In Action Ethos is most often presented by referencing other experts, but may be use of statistical evidence. For example, Michael Jordan recommending a basketball shoe.

Ethos--In Writing Four out of five dentists agree you should use Dentine Gum. As a current Analy student, I have a vested interest in the classes offered here. According to Principal Chris Heller, “[we] have spent a considerable amount of time addressing the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS).”

Pathos--Defined A persuasive appeal drawing on an emotional response of the audience. “Aristotle points out emotions such as fear, anger, pity, [even humor] powerfully influence our rational judgments” (Edlund 2005).

Pathos--In Action

Pathos--In Writing Loaded language Stories “President Obama used pathos at memorial for Arizona shooting victims. Referring to nine year old Christina Taylor Green, he said, “If there are rain puddles in heaven, Christina is jumping in them today.”

Logos--Defined Reasoning or logic. Arguments build from one idea/premise to another until only one conclusion may be made: Yours.

Logos--In Action Includes an extended syllogism (enthymeme) Premise #1 All men are mortal Premise #2 Socrates is a man Conclusion Socrates is mortal a = b c = a Therefore, c = b

Logos--In Writing http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/hillaryclintonbeijingspeech.htm Women should invest more for retirement than men (a) women usually live longer than men (b) women usually earn less than men.

Identify Ethos, Pathos,Logos on your notes Army Strong Sprint

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkHhch32wZk

QUESTIONS??

Your Turn: Grab Bag Pitch Grab an object from the bag. Create a “sales pitch” for your object. (7-10 minutes) Include ethos, pathos, and/or logos. Put an E next to your ethos, P next to your pathos, L next to your Logos. Give your pitch to your partner. Ask them what appeals you used? Have them specify. Reverse roles!

Reflection How did you deepen your understanding of ethos, pathos, and logos today? How might you use ethos, pathos, and/or logos in your revision?

Fallacies? Common errors in reasoning. Common fallacy in Ethos– Appeal of False Authority This fallacy is commtted when the person in question is not a legitimate authority on the subject. Common fallacy in Pathos– Appeal of Emotion This fallacy is committed when someone manipulates peoples' emotions in order to get them to accept a claim as being true.

Fallacies Common fallacy in Logos– Appeal of Slippery Slope fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question. This "argument" has the following form: Event X has occurred (or will or might occur). Therefore event Y will inevitably happen.