CH1: The Collision of Cultures
America before Columbus North American Migrations
America before Columbus How the Early North Americans Lived
America before Columbus The Growth of Civilizations: The South Incas Mayas Mexica The Mayan pyramid of Kukulkan
America before Columbus The Civilizations of the North Complex and Varied Civilizations Hunting, gathering, fishing Mobile Societies Tribal Cultures Agricultural Revolution Gender roles Iroquois women
Europe Looks Westward Commerce and Nationalism A reawakening of commerce Centralized Nation-States Prince Henry the Navigator (Portugal) Advancement in navigational technology
Europe Looks Westward Christopher Columbus Columbus’s First Voyage 1492 Religious Motives for Exploration Ferdinand Magellan Christopher Columbus
European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583 Europe Looks Westward European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583
Europe Looks Westward The Conquistadores Spanish America Cortés conquers the Aztecs Brutality and greed Three “g’s” – Gold, God and Glory Spanish America Strict control over colonies Mercantilist system Catholic missions
Europe Looks Westward Spanish America
Europe Looks Westward Northern Outposts St. Augustine (1565) Santa Fe (1609) Assimilation and accommodation Pueblo Ruins in New Mexico
Europe Looks Westward Biological and Cultural Exchanges Increasing levels of exchange Demographic catastrophe Deliberate subjugation and extermination New crops and agricultural techniques A complex racial hierarchy Varied labor systems
The Arrival of the English The Commercial Incentive The Enclosure movement Chartered companies Mercantilism
The Arrival of the English The Religious Incentive Doctrine of predestination The English Reformation Puritan Separatists Puritan discontent John Calvin
The Arrival of the English The English in Ireland Subjugation of Ireland The Plantation Model The French and the Dutch in America Coureurs de Bois (“runners of the woods”) Henry Hudson New Amsterdam
The Arrival of the English The First English Settlements The Spanish Armada (1588) Gilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland Roanoke The First Roanoke Colony New Colonial Charters “Lost colony” – disappearance is unexplained