Comparing Quality of Snow Melt, Tap Water, and Bottled Water Isaac Royalballs, Mick Geong, Mikhail Saloopy, Gabe Corona

How do pH and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) values differ in snow melt, tap water, and bottled water? What is TDS

Independent Variables Top snowmelt (collected from 0 cm to 10 cm deep) Middle snowmelt (collected from 30 cm to 40 cm deep) Storm layer snowmelt (collected from storm layer of snow) Tap water from Lake Angela Bottled Water (Arrowhead) Tap water from the reservoir

Hypothesis pH(bottled water) < pH(tap water) < pH(snowmelt) pH(top) < pH(middle) < pH(storm layer) TDS(snowmelt) < TDS(bottled water) < TDS(tap water) TDS(top) < TDS(middle) < TDS(storm layer) Why bitch

Materials Glass containers(erlenmeyer flask or glass bottle) One Bottle of Bottled Water Snow samples from different depths Sample of tap water Ceramic mug pH meter (Ohaus) TDS meter (Dr. Meter) Snow Shovel Faster Brands of meters

Procedure Dig a pit using a snow shovel. Before collecting a snow sample, coat the glass container using snow from the specific layer. Collect snow sample without putting anything else than snow into the glass container. Repeat these step for top, middle, and storm layer snow samples. Bring the containers indoor and let them melt. Once the snow samples are completely melt, use a pH meter and a TDS meter to evaluate and record their pH and TDS values. Pour bottled water and tap water into ceramic cups and replicate step #6. Repeat procedures #1 to #7

pH Average Psnow, tap=0.1991 Ptap, bottled=0.002 Pbottled,snow=0.1696 Describe result under graph P of top to middle P value of snow and tap water is 0.1991 P value of tap water and bottled water is 0.002 P value of bottled water and snowmelt is 0.1696 Above 0.05 is insignificant

TDS Average Psnow, tap=0.0001 Ptap, bottled=0.0001 Pbottled,snow=0.0001 Describe result under graph P of top to middle P value of snow and tap water is 0.0001 P value of tap water and bottled water is 0.0001 P value of bottled water and snowmelt is 0.0001

Sources of Error Inconsistent snow samples Varying testing vessels Cross Contamination Less time in it Future research slide (WHat causes bottled water to have a higher tds)

Future Research What is added to bottled water to have such a high TDS? What are the impacts of high TDS?

Conclusion pH(tap water) < pH(snowmelt) < pH(bottled water) pH(middle) < pH(top) < pH(storm layer) TDS(snowmelt) < TDS(tap water) < TDS(bottled water) TDS(top) < TDS(storm layer) = TDS(middle) What is the relevance big picture