Early Cold War, Truman, & Eisenhower (1945-1960) 1945—1960 Chapters 31 & 33— PART 1 OF 5 Early Cold War, Truman, & Eisenhower (1945-1960) 1945—1960

Americans Fight in Korea Korea: Following the end of WWII, Korea was divided into two zones – North and South (Yula River divided China and North Korea). South Korea was democratic (pro-American). North Korea was communist (pro-China). In June of 1950, North Koreans invaded South Korea by crossing over the 38th Parallel. Soviet Union boycotted the Security Council. The United Nations called on members to defend South Korea.

Americans Fight in Korea

Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur— Veteran of WWI and Commander of United States forces in Asia during WWII. Establishing a democracy in Japan after 7-year occupation. Joined UN forces and led the United States military against Communist North Korea.

Conflict in Korea Korean Conflict— North Koreans swept through South Korea with only the area near Pusan unconquered. The Pusan Peninsula was defended by a small South Korean force. MacArthur invaded Inchon to cut North Korea’s supply lines forcing the North Koreans to retreat back across the 38th Parallel (location of the established lines separating North Korea and South Korea. UN troops neared the Chinese border and MacArthur attempted to persuade the invasion of China.

Conflict in Korea

Conflict in Korea When China entered the war, Truman had to make a decision either to commit more troops and perhaps nuclear weapons, or fight a limited war (fought to achieve only specific goals). MacArthur wanted to fight for a “total victory” in Korea and sent a letter to Congressional Republicans attacking Truman’s policies. Truman fired MacArthur and returned home a national hero. Chinese forces poured over the border (November, 1950) and pushed UN forces back into South Korea resulting in a stalemate.

American Arsenal

Stalemate

Korean War's Impact on America QUICK STUDY

Should the United States Invade China? DECISION POINT

34th President 1953 – 1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower Party: Republican Home State: New York Vice President: Richard M. Nixon

“The Cold War” (p. 1) 2. How did President Harry S. Truman use the power of the presidency to limit the spread of communism in East Asia? President Harry Truman expanded the power of the presidency by committing troops to fight communist North Korea in Asia without Congressional approval, and by gaining United Nations (UN) support for his decision.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Domestic President during the Brown. V. Board of Education case (1954). President during the economic boom of the 1950s. President during the “Little Rock Nine” event in Arkansas. Modern Republicanism – “conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings.” Foreign Supported the use of “containment” to stop the spread of communism. Sent advisers into Vietnam. Ended the war in Korea in 1953. Careful not to spark a conflict with the Soviet Union.

Domestic Politics and Policies Presidents Truman and Eisenhower pursued different styles to meet the challenges of the postwar period.