Time Progression of Slave Trade

Effects of the Columbian Exchange and Atlantic Slave Trade Learning Goal 5: Explain how Africa, the Americas, and Europe were changed by the Columbian Exchange and the Atlantic slave trade.

Colombian Exchange A period of vast exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas, and technology. The availability of good farmland lured the Conquistadors to remain in Latin America.

Columbian Exchange Causes Spanish brought livestock, crops (sugar, coffee), and disease to the New World and New World crops (potatoes, cassava, peanuts) were transported to Africa and Eurasia.  Effects ↑production of New World crops → global population changes A boom in the Old World Native American holocaust in the New World (diseases like small pox) New economic theories like mercantilism.

The 3 trade routes that formed a triangle. Triangle Trade The 3 trade routes that formed a triangle. The first route carried fish/lumber/other goods from New England to the West Indies. In the West Indies they picked up sugar and molasses made from sugar cane. This was used to makes rum. From the West Indies merchants carried the rum, along with guns, gunpowder, and tools to West Africa. Here, they traded these items for slaves, they carried the slaves to the West Indies where they were sold. Traders would take the profits and buy more molasses. Goods produced by the slaves were sent to England where they were manufactured into luxury goods and sent back across the Atlantic.

Triangle Trade Routes

Columbian Exchange- Interactive Map Cut and paste link into web browser http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g5s_u3/

The Slave Trade Through the triangular trading network: raw materials from the colonies were transported to Europe, manufactured goods were shipped to Africa, and slaves were shipped to the Americas

Story of Us- African Slave Trade

The Slave Trade To extract wealth from the Americas, Europeans set up mines and plantations. At first the Indians were forced to do much of the work, but many died off from disease. Soon, people turned to Africa as a source of forced labor. Not affected by European diseases. Had farming skills. Difficult to escape and hide in a strange land. Originally most African slaves worked in mines and on plantations in Spanish America and the Caribbean islands.

The Middle Passage The deadly voyage across the Atlantic Traders were so greedy that they wanted to bring as many slaves as possible. The slaves were chained and crammed together below the deck. There was hardly any sitting room or standing room. The air was so stifling that some suffocated to death. Others tried to starve themselves to death or jump over board. Most died from diseases. When the slaves reached the Americas they were auctioned off. Many families were broken up and never seen again.

Boat used to ship slaves in the Middle Passage

Effects on Africa Trade in Africa shifted from Trans-Saharan to Trans-Atlantic as the Atlantic slave trade grew In exchange for slaves rulers in West Africa received muskets and gunpowder which helped them to consolidate power. Growth of West African kingdoms that traded slaves for guns

Effects on the Americas The introduction of sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs increased the meat and milk supply and changed the diets of Americans. Horses provided labor and a new transport system that changed the lifestyles of Native Americans. Coffee flourished in the New World environment and continues to be a cash crop for the region. The Americas became a source for cotton. Sugarcane production promoted the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Africans populated the plantations throughout colonial America and Latin America bringing their cultural heritage with them. A unique ethnic pattern emerged in the Americas through intermarriage Mulattos = Spanish and Africans Mestizos = Spanish and Native Americans Zambos = Africans and Native Americans

Effects on Europe New World crops like maize (corn), potatoes and tobacco scattered throughout Europe (and Asia) causing the population to grow. Tobacco and cacao (chocolate) became luxury goods in Europe, as well as sugar from the New World. The importation of sugar into the New World fueled the Atlantic slave trade