WORLD CANADA INNOVATION IN CANADA - the big picture 96% 4% codified new knowledge arising from research 96% 4% WORLD investment by MNE’s bringing tacit knowledge CANADA HQP and tacit knowledge commodities (price-taking) innovations (price-setting) traded goods and services INNOVATION IN CANADA - the big picture

WORLD CANADA INNOVATION IN CANADA - The actors in the economy market 4% from the other 96% WORLD codified new knowledge immigration emigration investments by MNEs and tacit knowledge government research university research HQP market intelligence & product information mipi market industry CANADA commodities innovations INNOVATION IN CANADA - The actors in the economy

INNOVATION IN CANADA - knowledge and investment flows government research university research research support problem solutions (contract or grant) standards and certification problem solutions (contract) “in kind” R&D assistance discoveries and inventions + IP discoveries and inventions + IP industry INNOVATION IN CANADA - knowledge and investment flows in the UIG triangle

INNOVATION IN CANADA - a closer look at interactions among university research in NSE market intelligence and product information gov’t R&D assistance results from Canadian and world research HQP gov’t R&D assistance discoveries, inventions, and IP immigrating, emigrating start-ups from universities HQP IP $ from universities HQP innovations results from Canadian and world research market intelligence and product information firms that do or buy R&D market intelligence and product information firms with no R&D investment by MNEs and tacit knowledge Investment by MNEs and tacit knowledge innovations commodities INNOVATION IN CANADA - a closer look at interactions among industry, government labs, and universities

INNOVATION IN CANADA - an even closer look at the world research operating costs direct from NSERC indirect from university codified new knowledge university research in science and engineering students HQP HQP basic research project research all sectors research infrastructure provinces CFI private funds HQP with skills of particular interest to research partner firm solutions share of project costs: $ and in kind new codified knowledge - the Canadian 4% discoveries or inventions with innovation potential problems licences firms that do or buy R&D first stages of commercialization start-ups INNOVATION IN CANADA - an even closer look at the impacts of university research in science and engineering

INNOVATION IN CANADA - the connection between benefits to society new value-added economic activity successful innovation failure in the market market return on investment failure to reach the market private funds commercialization process taxes IP demonstration of innovation potential recognition basic research research support new codified knowledge public funds discoveries and inventions INNOVATION IN CANADA - the connection between university basic research and the market

INNOVATION IN CANADA - the connection between benefits to society successful innovation successful innovation new value-added economic activity market failure in the market taxes return on investment failure to reach the market return on investment purchase of marketable product or the whole start-up company partner company private funds commercialization process internal commercialization process IP start up problems taxes solutions $ “in kind” potential IP partial research support public funds project research results, discoveries and inventions new codified knowledge INNOVATION IN CANADA - the connection between university project research and the market