SOLUTIONS

Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform. EXAMPLES: Granite, sand, cereal Homogeneous mixtures are uniform mixtures. They have similar properties throughout the mixture. EXAMPLES: Lemonade, Kool-aid, air, alloys

Types of Mixtures

Three Types of Mixtures: 1)Suspensions: Heterogeneous Mixtures (Not uniform) 2)Colloids: Heterogeneous Mixtures 3)Solutions: Homogeneous Mixtures (UNIFORM!!!!)

Properties of Suspensions: EXAMPLES: muddy water, salad dressing Particle size is large!!!!! Settle out over time. Can be separated by filtration. Tyndall Effect - Scatters light.

Suspensions

Properties of Colloids EXAMPLES: jello, fog, shaving cream, mayonnaise, skim milk, smoke. Medium sized particles!!!!!! Do NOT settle over time. Cannot be filtered. Tyndall Effect - Scatters light.

Brownian Motion – the random motion of particles in a heterogeneous mixture. The Tyndall effect is caused by brownian motion.

The Tyndall Effect: scattering of light

The Tyndall Effect: scattering of light

Colloids

Properties of Solutions EXAMPLES: salt water, soda, air, 14K gold(alloy), kool aid Smallest sized particles!!!!!!!! Do NOT settle. Do NOT scatter light. Cannot be separated by filtration.

Solutions

All solutions have 2 parts: Solute- the substance present in lesser amount in a solution. (Usually a solid, AKA the dissolvee) Solvent- the substance present in greater amount in a solution. (Usually water, AKA the dissolver) **Water is called the “Universal Solvent”, because can dissolve more substances than any other liquid. In iced tea, sugar is a _____ and water is the _________.

Structure of water

Polar Water Molecules attract and remove the cations and anions of a salt, this process is called solvation:

Solutions are all around us! Salt water (solid / liquid) Soda (gas / liquid) Air (gas / gas) Brass (solid / solid) Gasoline (liquid / liquid)

Alloy- A solution where a solid metal is the solvent. These do NOT appear on the periodic table of elements, because they are mixtures. EXAMPLES: brass, bronze, 14K Gold, sterling silver, pewter, steel.

Common Alloys

Alloys

To speed up dissolution: Dissolution(solvation)-the dissolving of a solute in a solvent. 1)Stirring or agitating the solution. 2)Heating the solution. 3)Crushing the solute into smaller pieces. (increasing the surface area)

3 ways to speed up dissolving:

Solubility- the amount of solute that can dissolve per 100ml of solvent(water). As Temp. Increases: 1) the solubility of most solids increases. ( _______ related) 2) the solubility of all gases decreases.