The Industrial Revolution Ch. 12.1 P. 363

Industrial Revolution (IR) IR- when Europe (then other parts of the world) shifted from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories Began in Great Britain in 1780s Spread to others countries

Look on p. 364 List the factors that made Great Britain a good starting place for the IR Use context clues to help you

Great Britain was a good starting place because… Agricultural Improvements Expansion of farmland Good weather Improved transportation New crops such as the potato This increased the food supply & more people could be fed at lower prices with less labor Population increase More food available feeds more people Enclosure movement (see p. 364) forced people to move to the cities & work in factories Ready supply of capital Capital to invest in new machines & factories Entrepreneurs

Great Britain was a good starting place because… (continued) Natural Resources Plentiful in Britain Rivers provided water power & way to transport raw materials Lots of coal & iron ore Supply of markets Britain had lots of colonies British ships could transport goods anywhere in the world

New & Improved Industries Cotton Coal-The success of the steam engine increased the need for coal Iron- New processes using coal aided the transformation of the iron industry RR- more efficient means of moving goods & resources developed 1804- 1st steam powered locomotive Building RRs created new jobs for farm workers & peasants New Factories- created a new labor system

Industrialization Spreads By 1850s, Britain had become the world’s first and richest industrial nation Europe- spread to the rest of Europe at different speeds North America Paddle wheel steamboat RR Many factory workers were women, especially in textile factories

Social Impact in Europe The IR changed the social life of Europe & the world Growth of population & cities Industrial middle class- people who built factories, bought the machines, and figured out where the markets were Industrial working class- worked long hours in factories Early Socialism- Definition- system in which the government owns and controls some means of production, such as factories and utilities Pitiful conditions created by IR gave rise to socialism Idea of intellectuals who believed in the equality of people