Text type? Virgo - Easy does it! Your ideas are on line, your desires on track and your plans look good, But maybe you should keep certain things secret to avoid unfair criticism. Bella, August 1998 Why are you torturing yourself so, Taurus? What has happened has happened, and it’s high time you let it go. Everyone else has forgotten about it, so why don’t you? Bliss,

Relationship between speech and writing: clines Permanenence Transient permanent _____________________________________________________________X_______________ Formality Formal Informal ______________________________________________________________X________________ Interaction Less interactive more interactive ______________________________________________________X_______________________ Information Message oriented socially oriented __________________X_____________________________________________________________ context dependence low dependency high dependency ______________________________________________________X____________________________

Written text with features of speech Interaction: Personal pronouns; Exophoric reference, Clarification and modification sequences Simple vocabulary Vague vocabulary ellipsis

Purpose of spoken features Sets up a dialogue Involves the reader in a direct and personal way Simulates the kind of attention associated with face-to face communication. Compare with add for serious product or for an exlusive one.