Aerobic exercise training and low-level laser therapy modulate inflammatory response and degenerative process in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis.

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Aerobic exercise training and low-level laser therapy modulate inflammatory response and degenerative process in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis in rats  L. Assis, L.P. Milares, T. Almeida, C. Tim, A. Magri, K.R. Fernandes, C. Medalha, A.C. Muniz Renno  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 169-177 (January 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020 Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative photomicrographs of the experimental groups. Organization of chondrocytes (arrow), fibrillation and irregularities (arrowhead), joint cartilage (JC), subchondral bone (b). (A) Control – CG; (B) Osteoarthritis – OAC; (C) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training – OAT; (D) Osteoarthritis plus LLLT – OAL; (E) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training associated with LLLT – OATL. (Stain: H.E.; Scale Bar: 100 μm). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 169-177DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Histopathological evaluation using OARSI Score: CG – Control; OAC – Osteoarthritis; OAT – Osteoarthritis plus exercise training; OAL – Osteoarthritis plus LLLT; OATL – Osteoarthritis plus exercise training associated with LLLT. (Scale Bar: 50 μm) *P < 0.0001 vs CG; #P < 0.05 vs OAC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 169-177DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 (A) Results of the morphometric analysis of cellularity *P = 0.037 vs CG. (B) Results of morphometric analysis of thickness. CG – Control; OAC – Osteoarthritis; OAT – Osteoarthritis plus exercise training; OAL – Osteoarthritis plus LLLT; OATL – Osteoarthritis plus exercise training associated with LLLT. *P < 0.05 vs OAC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 169-177DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 (A) Representative sections of IL-1β immunohistochemistry. Immunolabeled chondrocytes (arrow). (A) Control – CG; (B) Osteoarthritis – OAC; (C) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training – OAT; (D) Osteoarthritis plus LLLT – OAL; (E) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training associated with LLLT – OATL. (Scale Bar: 50 μm); (B) Results of semi-quantitative analysis of the IL-1β expression *P < 0.05 vs CG; #P < 0.05 vs OAC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 169-177DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 (A) Representative sections of caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Immunolabeled chondrocytes (arrow). (A) Control – CG; (B) Osteoarthritis – OAC; (C) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training – OAT; (D) Osteoarthritis plus LLLT – OAL; (E) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training associated with LLLT – OATL. (Scale Bar: 50 μm); (B) Results of semi-quantitative analysis of the caspase-3 expression *P < 0.0001 vs CG; #P < 0.05 vs OAC; &P < 0.05 vs OATL. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 169-177DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 (A) Representative sections of MMP-13 immunohistochemistry. Immunolabeled chondrocytes (arrow). (A) Control – CG; (B) Osteoarthritis – OAC; (C) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training – OAT; (D) Osteoarthritis plus LLLT – OAL; (E) Osteoarthritis plus exercise training associated with LLLT – OATL. (Scale Bar: 50 μm). (B) Results of semi-quantitative analysis of the caspase-3 expression *P < 0.05 vs CG; #P < 0.05 vs OAC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2016 24, 169-177DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.020) Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions