Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

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Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution.

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Presentation transcript:

Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the results of early 19c industrialization in America?

The Transportation Revolution

First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

Erie Canal System

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

Principal Canals in 1840

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR By 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

The Railroad Revolution, 1850s Immigrant labor built the No. RRs. Slave labor built the So. RRs.

New Inventions: "Yankee Ingenuity"

Resourcefulness & Experimentation Americans were willing to try anything. They were first copiers, then innovators. 1800  41 patents were approved. 1860  4,357 “ “ “

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

First prototype of the locomotive Oliver Evans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine

The “American Dream” They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.

The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"

Distribution of Wealth During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of the population. 1845 Boston  top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. 1860 Philadelphia  top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. The gap between rich and poor was widening!

Samuel Slater (“Father of the Factory System”)

The Lowell/Waltham System: First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

Lowell in 1850

Lowell Mill

Early Textile Mill Loom Floor

Early Textile Loom

New England Textile Centers: 1830s

New England Dominance in Textiles

What was their typical “profile?” Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?

Lowell Mills Time Table

Early “Union” Newsletter

Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

The Early Union Movement Workingman’s Party (1829) * Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City. Early unions were usually local, social, and weak. Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842). Worker political parties were ineffective until the post-Civil War period.

What's Happening in America by the 1850s?

Regional Specialization EAST  Industrial SOUTH  Cotton & Slavery WEST  The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

American Population Centers in 1820

National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 Why now?

“The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner” Know-Nothing Party: “The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner”

The results of early 19c industrialization in America? ECONOMIC? POLITICAL? The results of early 19c industrialization in America? SOCIAL? FUTURE PROBLEMS?