Lesson 1 The Beginning of the Cold War Postwar America (1945-1960) Lesson 1 The Beginning of the Cold War

Essential Question What made the growing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union evolve into the Cold War?

BRACE B - Border Changes (After WWII) R - Races (arms race and space race) A - Alliances (NATO & Warsaw) C - Communism (policy of containment E - East vs West (Dividing the world) Khan Academy Cold War

The Cold War affected numerous Presidential Administrations

Cold War Cold War COLD WAR- a non-military battle of diplomacy and propaganda between the United States and Soviet Union Hot War – Conflict between two forces that involves military forces Cold War Lasted from 1945-1991 led to “hot” wars Korean War Vietnam

USA vs. USSR USA Democracy Private Ownership USSR People vote/Political Parties/Individual Freedoms Private Ownership Small business/Capitalism USSR Totalitarian Government One political party, Limit Religious rights, limit individual rights Government Control of Economy Communism Government controls all production Everyone receives equal amount of wealth, based on needs.

Beginning of the Cold War Relations between USA and USSR Stalin lost trust in the USA Only became ally to defeat Hitler USA kept the Atomic Bomb a secret from USSR Stalin’s spies steal plans to build A-Bomb USA took too long to invade Europe D-Day 1944 Racial Discrimination in USA Second “Red Scare” Wartime alliance unravels Satellite Nations – Countries controlled by a “mother Country USSR controls Eastern Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania Yalta Conference – Stalin Agrees to grant free elections in Eastern Europe and E. Germany

Yalta Conference 1945 Churchill, Stalin and FDR Disagreements met to discuss post war Europe Germany 4 Occupation Zones Berlin divided – USA and USSR West = USA East = USSR Each country responsible to rebuild that area UN – United Nations International Peace keeping Organization Disagreements FDR wanted Stalin to declare war on Japan Soviets wanted Germany to pay $10 Billion in Reparations Stalin promised “Free Elections” Eastern Europe FDR Dies – Summer 1945 Truman becomes President

Potsdam (July 1945) Truman, Stalin and Attlee (G.B) Met to finalize decisions at Yalta Conference US – Establish peace and rebuild Europe USSR – Protect S.U. and expand communism Stalin did not uphold his end of the bargain Did not allow free elections in Europe Satellite Nations Countries controlled by USSR Truman Stalin is “Planning World Conquest” Cold War Starts

Soviet Buffer States The Soviet Union set up a “buffer zone” of nations to separate Russia from Germany Soviet Union also supported communist governments in Eastern Europe

Background of the Cold War Analyze Maps As the Cold War developed after World War II, Europe became divided. Based on the map, why would the Soviet Union have benefited from gaining control of Greece and Turkey?

Responding to the Soviet Challenge Stalin and worldly domination Iron Curtain Installation of Communism in Eastern Europe Police States, crush political opposition, no religious freedom “Iron Curtain Speech” - 1945 Truman and Churchill pledge to support Democracy around the world

Truman and Containment United States Establishes a Policy of Containment Prevent communism from spreading to other countries Greece and Turkey USA emerged as world leader The Truman Doctrine 1947 “support free peoples who are resisting attempted conquest by armed outside pressures” Help countries who resist communism Sent $400 million to Turkey and Greece Containment Hmm…Ukraine? Crimea? 2014-2015 George Kennan, an expert on Russian history and culture, was the driving force behind American policy toward the Soviet Union in the early years of the Cold War.

The United States Contains Soviet Expansion Marshall Plan 1948 Lending aid to European countries in need $ $13 Billion in Aid to Europe How did this prevent the spread of communism? Much of Europe was destroyed after WWI + WW2 Europe needed food, fuel, medical supplies Economic Health = political stability Improved American Economy Trade Relations with European Nations

Analyze Graphs This graph shows the shipments financed by the Marshall Plan. Based on the chart, why would Food and Other Produce take up such a large percentage of the shipments?

Soviet Aggression Drives Cold War Germany and the Cold War Yalta Conference – Divided Europe and Germany Stalin divides Berlin – 1948 Wanted to Conquer W. Berlin Cut off the city(closed roads, highways, railways, medical supplies and food USA and Britain Respond Berlin Airlift – USA flies supplies over to West Berlin Symbolizes how far USA would go to stopping the spread of Communism.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g91rOk8KHVI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B30vI1K7xj8

NATO vs. WARSAW PACT North Atlantic Treaty Organization: defense alliance among U.S. and Europe against the Soviet Union. Still exists. Warsaw Pact: Defense alliance among Soviet Union and its satellite governments in Eastern Europe.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania

Cold War Doctrines Eisenhower Doctrine 1957 provide economic and military aid to nations resisting communist aggression Designed to block communism in oil rich Middle East