Exploring the Americas Chapter 2- Section 3- Religious rivalries

Guided Reading Question? What were the motives behind the Age of Exploration?

Important to know for this section: Motives for Exploration = 3 G’s Protestant Reformation Spanish Armada/ Consequences Religious Differences The Northwest Passage Explorers: John Cabot, Giovanni De Verrazano, Henry Hudson, Jacques Cartier, Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette. French Settlements

Religious Rivalries The Europeans who explored and settled in North America in the 1500s sought wealth. (GOLD) They also wanted to spread their Christian faith. The first to arrive were Roman Catholic. (GOD) They also wanted to have the biggest empires with the most land and to spread their culture to other areas of the world because they believed their cultures were superior (GLORY)

Luther and the Reformation In 1517 a German priest named Martin Luther nailed 95 theses- a list of complaints on the door of a local Catholic church, questioning the power and authority of Catholic leaders—including the pope, the head of the Catholic Church.  Luther hoped to spark reform (movement) within the Church, but Pope Leo X rejected his ideas. Others agreed with Luther. His ideas helped launch a movement called the Reformation. The movement led to a new form of Christianity called Protestantism. The Reformation led to widespread conflict within and between the nations of Europe.

Change in Religion In the 1500s, England's monarchs, King Henry VIII, and later his daughter, Queen Elizabeth I, made that country Protestant. Spain's Catholic King Philip objected to that change and made plans to invade England.

Fall of the Spanish Armada 1. Religious and economic rivalry led Spain and England to go to war in the 1580s. 2. Spain built a huge naval fleet known as the Spanish Armada 3. In 1588, England destroyed the Spanish Armada Consequences: Spain could no longer use its military to keep England from creating colonies the “New World” England began to colonize in America

Cause and Effect How does the Protestant Reformation affect colonization in America? https://youtu.be/IATyzSAjC1w

Religious Rivalries in the Americas Catholics from Spain and France worked to spread their faith among the Native Americans. Religious differences contributed to the rivalries between these settlements. Spain/France = Catholic Holland (Dutch)/English = Protestant

Search for a Northwest Passage Something else that contributed to competition among these colonies was the race to discover a Northwest Passage. Explorers also hoped to discover a northwest passage to Asia, a direct water route through the Americas.

Northwest Passage Explorers England John Cabot, 1497 France Giovanni de Verrazano, 1524 Explored eastern coast of modern US Jacques Cartier, 1535 Sailed St. Lawrence River (discovered what is now Montreal) The Netherlands (Holland) Henry Hudson, 1609 (river/ bay named after him)

Exploring the Mississippi River In the 1670s, two French explorers—a fur trader, Louis Joliet, and a priest, Jacques Marquette— traveled the Mississippi River by canoe. Joliet and Marquette hoped to find precious metals. They were also looking for a northwest passage.

French and Dutch Settlements In 1663 New France became a royal colony. French settlement in North America advanced slowly. New France was made up of estates (land/property) along the St. Lawrence River. Estate holders brought in settlers in exchange for land. These tenant farmers paid rent and worked for their lord for a set period each year. The French got along well with the Native Americans. They learned their language and respected their ways. The French wanted to establish fishing and fur trade in the Americas.

Recap Martin Luther – German Priest (Protestant Reformation) John Cabot – Italian but represented England. (Northwest Passage) Giovannie Verrazano – Italian but represented France. (Northwest Passage) Jacques Cartier – represented France (Northwest Passage) Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette – represented France (traveled the Mississippi River to find the Northwest Passage.)