Fighting the War at Home

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Presentation transcript:

Fighting the War at Home Social Studies 11 Fighting the War at Home

The Role of Govt in Wartime During the war, the federal gvt continued in its regular roles but it also had to coordinate & finance the war effort It passed the War Measures Act in August 1914 which gave govt control over many areas of life in Canada

The Role of Govt in Wartime Under the War Measures Act: People suspected of being enemies of the state (Enemy aliens such as Germans, Austrians,) faced arrest & detention with rule of law Govt could also dictate to farmers & factory owners what to produce for the war effort

Effects on Everyday Life People were required to sacrifice in order for victory to be achieved in Europe “Victory Gardens”….to produce as much food as possible Canadians were sending large amounts of food to both troops & also to allied countries

Effects on Everyday Life In Canada, people were forced to cut back & to waste nothing Shift in consumption of wheat, flour, beef, & bacon to other foods With men off fighting, children & women had more work to complete.

The Economics of War By 1918, war was costing our govt. over $1 million a day. Questions emerged about how to finance this war? Victory Bonds: issued by the govt. By buying them, citizens were loaning money to the govt for the war effort. They could be cashed in after the war for a higher profit.

The Economics of War Private & commercial investors loaned the govt over $1 billion to be paid back with interest after the war. Income tax was introduced during the war. (It was introduced as a temporary measure to help finance the war & was never abolished). Children bought Thrift Stamps

Canadian Homefront Mainly agricultural Canada 1914 Canada 1917 Mainly agricultural No munitions industry within Canada 600 munitions factories with over 300,000 workers Completing over 2 million $ / day in orders 800, 000 shells a month were sent from Canada to Europe

New Industries Industrial production reached new heights with the manufacturing of war weapons & supplies The war industry had over 300,000 Canadians employed in factories by 1918 (airplanes, shells, ship production) Sparked the establishment of new industries

New Industries New products required minerals such as copper, zinc, & nickel Textile production increased with a demand for khaki (for uniforms), flannel (for hospital blanks), & canvass (for tents)

New Industries World food shortage & use of German U-boats benefitted Canadian meat & dairy producers Farmers on the Prairies also enjoyed high profits