____________________________ boundary found in _________ cells. Hydrophobic tails of phospholipids make molecules line up as a _________________ _________________ with polar head facing ___________ and nonpolar tails facing __________. Made mainly of __________________________ & __________________________ Cell Membrane in a Nutshell (187-190) If found on top of a phospholipid the whole structure is called a ____________________ If found on top of a protein the whole structure is called a ______________________ Used to ________________________; cell ID tags Carbohydrates-in chain form; on outside surface Provides _______________ for ______________ cells (no cell wall) Helps prevent fatty acid tails from ______________ together Cholesterol-only in ______________ cells. Transport proteins (also called integral)- _______________________ through the membrane; used as ________________________________________ to move things in or out of the cell. On inside surface, __________ the cell membrane to cell’s internal support structure (cytoskeletal) giving cell its shape. “Anchor proteins” On the outside surface, __________________________ to inside cell; “receptor proteins” Peripheral- on the inside or outside surface. Can be partially embedded into the cell membrane or can be found attached to an integral membrane protein. Proteins- Other components of the cell membrane Helps maintain ______________________________ ______________________ what enters & leaves the cell Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keeps others out Membranes are _________________________ _____________________=Semi-permeable, picky Function   ____________________________ boundary found in _________ cells. A cell is defined as the smallest ____________________ unit of life. In order to maintain ______________________, _____________________ must be moved into the cell and ______________________ must be transported out of the cell. In addition, some cells produce _______________ and other materials designated for export. All materials moving in and out of the cell must pass through the ____________________________________, a ________________________ I. CELL TRANSPORT ATP

FACILITATED DIFFUSION PROTEIN PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS Active or Passive? _____________ Requires Energy? _____________ What moves? _______________ How? ____________________ Other factors? _______________ ___________________________ Active or Passive? _____________ Requires Energy? _____________ What moves? _______________ How? ____________________ Other factors? _______________ ___________________________ Active or Passive? _____________ Requires Energy? _____________ What moves? _______________ How? ____________________ Other factors? _______________ ___________________________ Active or Passive? _______________________ Requires Energy? ________________________ What moves? ___________________________ How? ________________________ Other factors? __________________________ ______________________________________ Active or Passive? _______________________ Requires Energy? ________________________ What moves? ___________________________ How? __________________________________ Other factors? __________________________ ______________________________________ Cell in hypertonic solution Sketch endocytosis: Cell in isotonic solution Sketch exocytosis: Cell in hypotonic solution SIMPLE DIFFUSION OSMOSIS FACILITATED DIFFUSION PROTEIN PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS Movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration more crowdedless crowded Moves “with the concentration gradient” No energy required—Passive Transport Happens with small, uncharged molecules that are non-polar Examples: O2 gas Movement of water (solvent) across a membrane from an area with a higher concentration of solvent to an area of lower concentration of solvent “high waterlow water”, “low solutehigh solute” No energy required—Passive Hypertonic– a solution or side of the membrane with a higher concentration of solutes Hypotonic- a solution on one side of the membrane with a lower concentration of solutes Isotonic- a solution that has a concentration of solutes that is equal on both sides of the membrane “Water wants to move to the hypertonic side of the membrane” Facilitator = “helpler” Movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a protein channel No energy required—Passive Happens with molecules that can’t cross the membrane on their own because they are polar or are too large. Just like simple diffusion, but with a protein channel to facilitate the process Movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration less crowdedmore crowded Moves “against the concentration gradient” ATP Energy required—Active Transport Proteins responsible for transporting in this way called pumps Bulk movement of particles across a membrane, into the cell or out of the cell Requires membrane vesicle formation or fusion Requires ATP energy: Active Transport Endocytosis = cell eats Pocket forms in cell membrane around particle to be consumed Vesicle forms Exocytosis=cell expels Vesicle carrying particles fuses with membrane Releases contents to the outside environment definitions Solute: what is dissolved in a solution. Ex: salt ions, sugar Solvent: the fluid that solutes are in. In biology, water. Active Transport: requires energy Passive Transport: does not require energy Concentration gradient: A difference in solute concentration between two regions