B A C D E Voltaire Thomas Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau Directions: Match the Enlightenment philosopher to the best match. B A Voltaire Thomas Hobbes Montesquieu Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft C D Answers: 1) E 2) A 3) B 4)D 5) C E

Effects of the Enlightenment Ideas on government inspire calls for Democracy American Revolution Rebellions in Latin America Growing unrest in France

French Society French society was divided into 3 classes called “Estates”: First Estate Catholic church officials &Clergy 1st 2nd Estate Nobility & aristocracy 3rd Estate Bourgeoisie – educated city lawyers, doctors, businessmen Peasants & farmers 2nd 3rd

The 1st Estate Only 1% of population Own 10% of land Pay NO taxes

The 2nd Estate 3% of population Own 20% of the land Pay NO TAXES Control government & live off collected tax money

The 3rd Estate 95% of population Almost no say in government Pay all the taxes Pay tithes to Church

King Louis XVI Huge debt from the Palace of Versailles Absolute Monarch but a weak ruler Attempts reforms but many fail due to nobility

Marie Antoinette Queen of France BIG spender “Let them eat cake”??

Abbé Sieyès Member of the Estates General What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been in the political order? Nothing. What does it desire to be? Something! Member of the Estates General Inspires 3rd Estate to seek power

The Estates General Type of representation Rarely meet 1 vote per Estate 3rd Estate ALWAYS outvoted

The National Assembly Locked out of the Estates General, 3rd Estate signs the Tennis Court Oath Creates a National Assembly Issue the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

The Great Fear Peasants riot throughout France Nobles homes ransacked by the 3rd Estate

The Storming of the Bastille Prison in Paris & symbol of royal authority stormed Starts the revolution – July 14, 1789

Robespierre Begins the Reign of Terror Mass executions of enemies of the Revolution Thousands sent to the guillotine

Georges Danton Leads the Committee of Public Safety Designed to suppress opposition inside & outside France Calls for the execution of King Louis

Napoleon Military ruler Takes power after a coup d'état after Revolutionary leaders go to far Restores order after the chaos of Revolution

Napoleon Issues the Napoleonic Code – eliminates the Estate System Simplifies the laws in France

Napoleon’s Empire

Napoleon’s Empire Uses the continental system to isolate England and invade Europe Invasion of Russia fails and devastates his army

The Fall of Napoleon Defeated by the British at Waterloo Placed in prison in exile

Prince Metternich Leads the Congress of Vienna Adopts a Balance of Power doctrine Restores monarchies Boundaries of Europe redrawn

Europe after the Congress of Vienna