Land Acquisitions during Manifest Destiny

Texas wins Independence Newly independent Mexico welcomed American settlers to Texas in hopes of establishing trade. Mexicans began to feel that Texans showed no loyalty to Mexico Texas declares their independence in 1836 and has a series of battles with Mexico Texas wins independence and becomes the “Lone Star Republic” Texas was then annexed by the US in 1845.

Polk adds Oregon Both US and England wanted Oregon Territory Polk strikes a compromise with England in which the border between the US and Canada is set at 49o latitude.

Mexican-American War After annexing Texas, the US felt the Mexican border was at the Rio Grande River while Mexico felt it was at the Nueces River (30 mile difference) After the US captured Mexico City (Mexican capitol), Mexico was forced to surrender in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexico was forced to cede what is now the entire southwestern United States (CA, AZ, NM, NV, UT) This opened the debate over how these states would enter the union…free…or slave?

What’s Missing?

Gadsden Purchase US wanted to build a direct railroad line from Texas to California. Purchased land from Mexico for $10 million Purchase fulfills promise of Manifest Destiny

Causes of the American Civil War

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state. New Mexico & Utah allow slavery Fugitive Slave Laws passed

Compromise of 1850

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 Election Results Election of 1856

Kansas-Nebraska Act Repeals Missouri Compromise Sets up principle of popular sovereignty (people decide for/against slavery) Forms republican party of 1820

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

1856 Presidential Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856 Election Results Election of 1852

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott Court Case Runaway slave, returned to his master. Richard Taney decides that African Americans can NEVER be citizens. Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown led a small group in a raid against a federal arsenal in 1859. His plan was to steal weapons and lead a slave uprising. He was unsuccessful and was executed for treason. How was he viewed in the North & South?

1860 Presidential Election Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

The Civil War Had Begun!! Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861