Physical Properties of Matter

C11-1-05 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OUTCOME QUESTION(S): C11-1-05 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids and plasma. Include: compressibility, diffusion Use the Kinetic Molecular Theory to explain properties of solids, liquids and gases. Include: intermolecular forces, elastic collisions, kinetic energy, temperature and particle motion Understand the various phase changes in terms of KMT. Include: sublimation, deposition, evaporation, condensation Vocabulary & Concepts  Intensive Extensive Qualitative Quantitative

Anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space. That means volume Fe Cu and Same milk blood peanut butter Different salad pizza bubble tea Na Na Cl F F If there is more than one ingredient – it’s a mixture

Physical Properties Traits that can be observed or measured without changing the original composition. Can be extensive Dependent on amount of matter Property Extensive/Intensive Mass extensive Volume Energy State/Phase intensive Melting point Malleability Solubility Temperature Conductivity Intensive Lustre --------or-------- Can be intensive Dependent on type of matter only Take two identical samples and put them together – if this doubles the property, then it’s extensive

Qualitative/Quantitative Physical Properties Traits that can be observed or measured without changing the original composition. Can be qualitative -----or----- quantitative Property that can be observed Property that can be measured Property Extensive/Intensive Qualitative/Quantitative Mass extensive quantitative (kg) Volume quantitative (L) Energy quantitative (J) State/Phase intensive qualitative Melting point quantitative (oC) Malleability Solubility quantitative (g/L) Temperature quantitative (K) Conductivity Intensive quantitative (S) Lustre

Gases diffuse easier than liquids, which diffuse easier than solids Diffusion: physical property - the ability of a substance to spread out or move through another. The less attraction and/or more energy the particles have the easier to diffuse Gases diffuse easier than liquids, which diffuse easier than solids

States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases Hard to compress with high densities Definite shape and definite volume NOT easy to diffuse Liquids Hard to compress and less dense than solids NO fixed shape but definite volume Fairly easy to diffuse Gases Easily compressed with low densities NO fixed shape, NO fixed volume Easy to diffuse

A change in what it “looks like,” NOT what it “is” Physical Change A change in shape or state of a substance. - crushing, cutting, folding, smashing, melting, boiling… A change in what it “looks like,” NOT what it “is” Physical changes involve a change in energy: Can be exothermic Energy is released during the change --------or-------- Can be endothermic Energy is absorbed during the change

Aurora borealis and stars are also examples of plasma Plasma: a 4th state made of a heated gas that has ionized into positive ions and electrons. Aurora borealis and stars are also examples of plasma

C11-1-05 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? C11-1-05 KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids and plasma. Include: compressibility, diffusion Use the Kinetic Molecular Theory to explain properties of solids, liquids and gases. Include: intermolecular forces, elastic collisions, kinetic energy, temperature and particle motion Understand the various phase changes in terms of KMT. Include: sublimation, deposition, evaporation, condensation Vocabulary & Concepts  Intensive Extensive Qualitative Quantitative