Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuates the severity of spinal cord ischemic injury in rabbits Satoshi Akuzawa, MD, Teruhisa Kazui, MD, PhD, Enyi.

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Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuates the severity of spinal cord ischemic injury in rabbits Satoshi Akuzawa, MD, Teruhisa Kazui, MD, PhD, Enyi Shi, MD, PhD, Katsushi Yamashita, MD, PhD, Abul Hasan Muhammad Bashar, MBBS, PhD, Hitoshi Terada, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 48, Issue 3, Pages 694-700 (September 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.011 Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Neurological function scaled by modified Tarlov score at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours after the beginning of reperfusion. Triangles, squares, and circles represent average score of each group while bars show standard deviation (SD). Group I had significantly higher scores in comparison with Group C after 48 hours from the beginning of reperfusion (*P < .05, **P < .01, #P < .001). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 694-700DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.011) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Representative sections of the spinal cord stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Sections from each group were examined with two different magnifications (left panel: 40×, bar = 1-mm, right panel: 200×, bar = 100-μm). The spinal cord of the Group S animals was largely intact (A). In Group C, spinal cords showed spread of necrotic changes with vacuolization and gliosis of the gray matter (B). In Group I, normal-looking motor neurons were largely preserved with only slight vacuolization (C). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 694-700DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.011) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Bar graph showing the number of remaining viable neurons in the ventral gray matter (A) and the histological injury score at 24, 72, and 120 hours after the beginning of reperfusion (B) in the spinal cord sections. Group C had progressive neurodegeneration, whereas there were fewer evidences of neuronal damages with a higher number of viable neurons and low histological injury score in Group I (*P < .01, **P < .05, ***P < .05, #P < .01, ##P < .05). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 694-700DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.011) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Representative sections of TUNEL staining (A: original magnifications; 200×, bar = 20-μm) with ratio of TUNEL-positive neurons relative to the total neurons in the gray matter (B). Arrows show the TUNEL-positive neurons. Numerous scattering TUNEL-positive neurons were detected in Group C compared with Group I (*P < .05, **P < .05). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 694-700DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.011) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Concentrations of NO (NO2−/NO3−) and S100β protein in CSF (A, B). Higher concentrations of these parameters were seen until 120 hours after reperfusion in Group C. Difference between Group C and Group I with regard to NO was significant at 72 and 120 hours (*P < .05, **P < .05), while that in terms of S100β was significant only at 24 hours (#P < .05). NO, nitric oxide; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2008 48, 694-700DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.011) Copyright © 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions