Unit 6 Test Review

#1 Around which two rivers did the area known as Mesopotamia develop? The Tigris and the Euphrates

#2 The Byzantine Empire was home to which two major religions? Judaism and Christianity

#3 Islam quickly spread throughout the Arabian Peninsula throughout most of the Middle East after starting in which city? Mecca

#4 The Muslim Ottoman Turks conquered most of the Middle East loosely governing their empire from which city? Istanbul (formerly Constantinople)

#5 What is the most common ethnic group in the Middle East? Arabs

#6 What is the most common language in the Middle East? Arabic

#7 All three major religions have one god. What are their names? Yahweh (Judaism) Jehovah (Christianity) Allah (Islam)

#8 What are the sacraments? A religious ceremony in the Christian church that is regarded as both an outward and inward sign of a relationship with God Baptism, the Eucharist, Confirmation, penance, anointing of the sick, ordination, and matrimony (Catholicism)

#9 What are the major sects of the three major religions? Shia and Sunni (Muslim) Orthodox and Protestant (Christianity) Reform, Conservative, Orthodox and Reconstructionist (Judaism)

#10 What are the holy books for the three major religions? The Torah (Judaism) The Bible (Christianity) The Qu’ran (Islam)

#11 The holiest city in Islam is known as: Mecca

#12 How many times must a Muslim pray a day? 5

#13 What is “kosher”? Food that is prepared and eaten according to Jewish dietary laws (Kashrut)

#14 When is Shabbat? The Jewish Sabbath is Friday evening until Saturday evening

#15 What are women in Saudi Arabia required to cover? Their hair (and dress modestly)

#16 What does the Ka’aba (and the worship of the Ka’aba) represent? The Ka’aba represents the one true god (Allah)

#17 What do Muslim men do to show their new “state of being” after completing the Hajj? They cut their hair/shave their heads

#18 Why is oil considered a non-renewable resource? Because it takes millions of years of pressure and intense heat to form inside the Earth’s crust

#19 What is the major goal of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)? To control oil prices around the world

#20 How long did the Jewish Kingdom last? Around 200 years

#21 What was “Zionism”? How did the Holocaust affect Zionism? Zionism was the movement for the reestablishment of the Jewish homeland of Israel The Holocaust affected it because thousands of Jews who survived moved to Palestine

#22 How many Palestinians were living in Palestine after World War II? How many Jews? Around 1.3 million Palestinians Around 600,000 Jews

#23 After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Palestine was a mandate of which country? Britain

#24 How did the UN respond to fighting between Jews and Palestinians in 1947? The UN voted to divide Palestine into an Arab state (Palestine) and a Jewish state (Israel)

#25 What happened immediately after the founding of Israel? 5 Arab nations attacked Israel but Israel won the war after a year

#26 How did the UN respond to the aftermath of the 1948 war? The UN set up refugee camps in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank for over 1 million Palestinians and set up a fund for them

#27 The 1948 War created which two new “territories”? The West Bank and the Gaza Strip

#28 In which war did Israel conquer most of its neighbors and take complete control of Palestine and the Sinai Peninsula? The Six Day War

#29 What responsibility do all Israeli citizens have to complete upon turning 18? They must serve in the military for almost 3 years