Chapter 1 What Engineers Do 4th Edition

In This Course You Will Study The role of engineers and engineering technologists Force, motion, energy, fuels, and engines Logic and computing systems The elements of engineering design Engineering economics And much, much more! Exploring Engineering

What Is Engineering? Engineers can be classified according to the kind of work they do—administration, construction, consulting, design, development, teaching, planning, production, research, sales, service, and test engineers. Because engineering deals with the world around us, the number of engineering disciplines is very large. The table below lists some of the many engineering fields. Aerospace Ceramic Electrical Mechanical Petroleum Agricultural Chemical Environmental Metallurgical Sanitary Architectural Civil Geological Mining Systems Automotive Computer Manufacturing Nuclear Textile Biomedical Ecological Marine Ocean Transportation Exploring Engineering

What Is Engineering Technology? Engineering technology is the profession in which a knowledge of mathematics and natural sciences gained by higher education, experience, and practice is devoted primarily to the implementation and extension of existing technology for the benefit of humanity. Engineering technologists work closely with engineers in coordinating people, material, and machinery to achieve the specific goals of a particular project. The engineering technologist is often responsible for design and development. Exploring Engineering

What Makes A “GOOD” 21st Century Engineer? The 21st century will be characterized by the convergence of many technologies and engineering systems. The products of today and tomorrow will be “smarter” in which computers, sensors, controls, modern alloys, and plastics are as important as continuing expertise in the traditional engineering disciplines. Exploring Engineering

Personal Ethics Personal ethics are the standards of human behavior that individuals of different cultures have constructed to make moral judgments about personal or group situations. Naturally, they vary over time and from culture to culture, resulting in conflict when what is acceptable in one culture is not in another. For example, the notion of privacy in U.S. culture is very strong, and a desk is considered an extension of that privacy, whereas in another culture, such as Japan, office space is open and one’s desk would be considered public domain. Exploring Engineering

Professional Ethics Having a code of ethics enables an engineer to resist the pressure to produce substandard work by saying, “As a professional, I cannot ethically put business concerns ahead of professional ethics.” It also enables the engineer to similarly resist pressure to allow concerns such as personal desires, greed, ideology, religion, or politics to override professional ethics. As members of this profession, engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity. Engineers perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical conduct. Exploring Engineering

National Society of Professional Engineers Code of Ethics Fundamental canons Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall • Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. • Perform services only in areas of their competence. • Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner. • Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees. • Avoid deceptive acts. • Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession. Exploring Engineering

Engineering Ethics Decision Matrix Options → NSPE Canons  Go along with the decision Appeal to higher management Quit your job Write your state representative Call a newspaper reporter Hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public Perform services only in the area of your competence Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees Avoid deceptive acts Conduct themselves honorably Exploring Engineering

Engineering Ethics Incident at Morales https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhLPzr7vKOs

Keys to YOUR Success Study skills Time management Writing skills Math skills Attemding class Completing homework assignments Ask them how much time they spent in HS Amount of time spent outside of class: about 15 hours per class per week The purpose of class time: not always to present new material for the first time but to to clarify concepts presented in reading and activities outside class. Critical thinking: will be asked to apply concepts to new situations. Going to school is a full time job. Not all material will be covered in class. You will not do well if you don’t do assignments, attend class, and come to class prepared. Are responsible for making up missed material. Not all material will be on the WEB. Exploring Engineering

Where to Find Information Your Instructors Your fellow team members Other students Campus resources Point out the importance of checking the course web site. Go to the WEB site and look at what is there They are responsible for making sure they know when things are due Suggest they keep a date book. Point out objectives Point out their responsibility in helping meet the objectives I encourage students to discuss assignments. Talk about not just copying. Exploring Engineering

Engineering Design Is: Synthesis – putting things together Analysis – taking things apart Exploring Engineering

Example - Buying a Car A car salesperson might say: a) “This car was driven by an older person who never exceeded the speed limit.” and b) “It has great power, excellent fuel efficiency, and low pollution.” What would an engineer say to parts a) and b)? Example problem. Instructor answers part a), students volunteer answers to part b). Exploring Engineering

Design Criteria For part a) an engineer might say: “It was driven by a human about 1.7 meters high and 2 billion seconds old who never drove it faster than about 70 meters per second.” Variable Unit Number Height meters 1.7 Age seconds 2x109 Speed m/s 70 This is an example of how to specify design criteria Exploring Engineering

Design Criteria In part b) when the salesperson says “It has great power, excellent fuel efficiency, and low pollution.” But an engineer might say: Now YOU fill in this part and define the variables, units, and numerical values Variables Units Numbers 1) 1) 1) 2) 2) 2) Etc. The students should fill in these numbers during class discussion Typical values are: Power = 100 kW (Hp = ?) Acceleration = 9 m/s2 Fuel economy = 13 km/kg (MPG = ?) Automobile emission requirements are usually given in grams/mile of pollutant. We should probably use grams/km. NOx = 0.2 gm/mile = 0.13 gm/km CO2 = 3.4 gm/mile = 2 gm/km Exploring Engineering

National Academy of Engineering Top 20 Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century Highways Spacecraft Internet Imaging Household Appliances Health Technologies Petroleum and Petrochemical Technologies Laser and Fiber Optics Nuclear Technologies High-performance Materials Electrification Automobile Airplane Water Supply and Distribution Electronics Radio and Television Agricultural Mechanization Computers Telephone Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Exploring Engineering

The National Academy of Engineering List of the Challenges for Engineering in the 21st Century. Engineer better medicines Reverse-engineer the brain Prevent nuclear terror Secure cyberspace Enhance virtual reality Advance personalized learning Engineer the tools of scientific discovery Make solar energy economical Provide energy from fusion Develop carbon sequestration methods Manage the nitrogen cycle Provide access to clean water Restore and improve urban infrastructure Advance health informatics http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/ Exploring Engineering

Do you agree with this list of challenges? http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/ Exploring Engineering