What is racism? Create your own definition. OBJECTIVE DO FIRST You will be able to compare and contrast the experience of African-Americans in the North and South. What is racism? Create your own definition. What causes people to commit acts of racism or make racist comments? Explain with at least THREE sentences.

What is Racism? Where does it come from? As we watch this news clip, think about your answers to the following questions: What were some examples of the racism happening in East Haven? What do you think caused the mayor to make a comment like he did? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hV4rpoVg-h8

The Black Population: By 1850, the population of the U.S. was 23 million—among those Americans, 3 million were enslaved African Americans. Not all African-Americans were slaves; approximately 500,000 blacks living in the U.S. during this time were free. Many of these free blacks were former slaves who had escaped to freedom.

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Check your Understanding Hold up the “A” card for true, hold up the “B” card for false: True or False? The majority of African Americans living in the U.S. were free by 1850.

Check your Understanding Hold up the “A” card for true, hold up the “B” card for false: True or False? The majority of African Americans living in the U.S. were free by 1850. True or False? The south relied heavily on slave labor.

Blacks in the South The law defined slaves as property—not human beings. Legally, slaveholders could do almost anything with their human property. They could buy and sell slaves. They could give slaves away to other people. And in many slave states, it was illegal to set a slave free.

Blacks in the South The law defined slaves as property—not human beings. Legally, slaveholders could do almost anything with their human property. They could buy and sell slaves. They could give slaves away to other people. And in many slave states, it was illegal to set a slave free. Frederick Douglass, a slave who had escaped slavery, gave speeches in the North describing the horrors of slavery. He stated, “The law gives the master absolute power over the slave. He may work him, flog (beat) him, hire him out, sell him, and in certain situations, kill him. In the law, the slave has no wife, no children, no country, no home. He can own nothing, possess nothing, acquire nothing.”

Blacks in the South Most slaves worked on farms and plantations across the South. Only a few thousand slaves worked in the cities, in factories. The wages these slaves earned would go to their slave masters.

Blacks in the South Most slaves worked on farms and plantations across the South. Only a few thousand slaves worked in the cities, in factories. The wages these slaves earned would go to their slave masters. About half of the free blacks in the U.S. lived in the South and worked as craftspeople or household servants in towns and cities throughout the South. Whites in the South viewed free blacks as a dangerous group that had to be controlled.

Blacks in the South Most slaves worked on farms and plantations across the South. Only a few thousand slaves worked in the cities, in factories. The wages these slaves earned would go to their slave masters. About half of the free blacks in the U.S. lived in the South and worked as craftspeople or household servants in towns and cities throughout the South. Whites in the South viewed free blacks as a dangerous group that had to be controlled. Even though they were not slaves, free blacks in the South enjoyed very few rights or freedoms—they were not allowed to own guns, they could not travel freely from town to town, and they were not allowed to have high-paying jobs.

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Check Your Understanding Under the Constitution, slaves had which of the following rights? a. Life b. Liberty c. Pursuit of Happiness d. None of the Above

Check Your Understanding True (A) or False (B): All free blacks lived in the North 

Check Your Understanding White southerners most likely feared free African Americans because… a. They didn’t want to become like the North b. These free African Americans led attacks against the slave-masters c. The free status of some African-Americans would encourage other slaves start fighting for their freedom d. They had equal rights as whites in the South

Free Blacks in the North African Americans in the North were never enslaved, and they lived freer lives than blacks in the South, but they were never treated equal to whites. In many northern states, blacks were denied the right to vote and faced discrimination (unequal treatment) wherever they went.

Free Blacks in the North Black children were oftentimes denied entry into public schools. States that did educate black children set up separate, or segregated, schools. Most African-American men could only work in the lowest-paying jobs. African Americans were even excluded from white churches. In 1853, free blacks in the north joined together to form the National Council of Colored People to protest discrimination and racism.

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Check your Understanding: Venn Diagram

Chalk Talk Activity Each table is going to receive a set of 4 images or documents. As you analyze these sources, answer the questions SILENTLY on the handout in your section of the page. When time is up, you will rotate the page you have to another table teammate. By the end of the activity, you should have analyzed and commented on all four pages at your table. Be ready to share out when I cold call on you!

SOURCE 1 “My master used to whip me. He would put my hands together and tie them. He would strip me naked—he would whip me on one side till that was sore and full of blood and then he would ship me on the other side till that was all tore up.”

SOURCE 2 "I was about twelve or fourteen years old when I was sold. I was a boy then big enough to work. I had a brother named John and a cousin by the name of Brutus. Both of them were sold and about three weeks later, it came my turn. On the day I left home, everything was sad among the slaves. My mother and my father sung and prayed over me and told me how to get along in the world."

SOURCE 3

SOURCE 4 Free African- Americans usually held low- paying jobs. The barber pictured to the right is one example.