Chapter 9.1: Religious Zeal and New Communities

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9.1: Religious Zeal and New Communities “Working for Reform” Chapter 9.1: Religious Zeal and New Communities

Objectives: Who participated in the Second Great Awakening? What were the main characteristics of the Shakers and Mormons? What ideas did transcendentalism promote?

The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Temperance Education Abolitionism Asylum & Penal Reform Women’s Rights

Participants in the Second Great Awakening People living on the frontier People living in the cities of the Northeast African Americans Middle-class women

Secular Utopian Communities Demands of Community Life Individual Freedom Demands of Community Life spontaneity self-fulfillment discipline organizational hierarchy

Secular Utopian Communities Demands of Community Life Individual Freedom Demands of Community Life spontaneity self-fulfillment discipline organizational hierarchy

The Oneida Community New York, 1848 John Humphrey Noyes (1811-1886) Millenarianism --> the 2nd coming of Christ had already occurred. Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past. all residents married to each other. carefully regulated “free love.” John Humphrey Noyes (1811-1886)

Shaker beliefs Separate yet relatively equal roles for men and women No marriage Property jointly owned by the community Christ would soon return to rule Earth Utopian community

Shaker Hymn 'Tis the gift to be simple, 'Tis the gift to be free, 'Tis the gift to come down where you ought to be, And when we find ourselves in the place just right, 'Twill be in the valley of love and delight. When true simplicity is gained To bow and to bend we shan't be ashamed, To turn, turn will be our delight, 'Till by turning, turning we come round right.

Mormon Beliefs Utopian community Plural marriage for men-polygamy Divine assistance had given new religious teachings. Leader: Brigham Young

Transcendentalist Ideas People could attain perfection through knowledge about God, the self, and the universe. Importance of the individual Natural simplicity Spiritual renewal