The Civil War

Group Seek & Find 1. Preparing for War P. 360 – 362 Make & Fill in your chart of Resources (strengths) of the North & South Make & Fill in your chart of the Strategies of the North & South Northern Resources (Strengths) Southern Resources (Strengths) Northern Strategies Southern Strategies

Southern (Resources) Strengths 1.) Preparing for War Northern (Resources) Strengths Southern (Resources) Strengths

Rating the North & the South

1.) Preparing for War Northern Strengths Southern Strengths Existing army and navy Large population could provide more soldiers and workers More factories to produce supplies Southern Strengths Experienced military commanders (best generals) Fighting for a strong belief in self-government and their way of life Needed only to defend territory, not to attack

1.) Preparing for War Northern Strategies Southern Strategies

1.) Preparing for War Northern Strategies Southern Strategies Use blockade to prevent south from trading Gain control of the Mississippi River (Anaconda Plan) Capture Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia Southern Strategies Prepare and wait, hoping union will not pursue war Push back Union attacks until Northerners lose the will to fight Gain support of European countries

Statistics Refresh: Who had the advantage?

Anaconda Plan Surround the south, and cut off it’s supplies ( a huge siege) The Anaconda Plan

THE ANACONDA PLAN Union General Winfield Scott developed the first major Union strategy in the Civil War, the Anaconda Plan. Under the Anaconda Plan, the Union planned to blockade ports in the South while taking control of the land around the Mississippi river, effectively cutting off the South’s supply and distribution lines.

1. ) Outline the Mississippi River in blue 2 1.) Outline the Mississippi River in blue 2.) Make red dots on the ports that were to be blockage/captured 3.) Make a purple dot on the Confederate capitol 4.) Shade the area that was to be contained by the Anaconda Plan

Questions What waterways and ports did Scott propose blocking? What was the ultimate goal of Scott’s Anaconda Plan? In what way might Scott’s Anaconda Plan have led to the quick defeat of the Confederacy? What is meant by the metaphor of the ‘anaconda’? Waterways - Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico as well as the Mississippi River; Forts Jackson and Saint Philip Gain control of the Mississippi in order to cut the South’s supply lines and distribution lines A successful execution of the Anaconda Plan would have left the South w/o the resources necessary to continue fighting Constricting the South, much like an anaconda constricts its prey, until its life lines, or supplies, are cut off

Weapon Explanation 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) 6.) 7.) 2.) Modern War A war in which advancements in technology increase casualty rates

Modern Warfare Colt Revolver: fires 6 times without reloading

Modern Warfare Repeating Rifle: fires 7 times without reloading & more accurate

Modern Warfare Rapid fire gun fires 65 times per minute

Modern Warfare Gatling Gun machine gun… 600 rounds per minute

Modern Warfare Bullets with rifling (grooves) : More accurate, cause more damage Gangrene Infection from war wound

Surgical Instruments Red Cross Nurses

Modern Warfare Shell hollow casing filled with black powder – fuse to ignite

Modern Warfare Ironclad Ship Iron plates cover wooden ship… bullet proof!

a. _____________ = Head general of Union forces 3. Union Leaders a. _____________ = Head general of Union forces i. Strategy = _____________… fight to the last man standing Characterized by high casualty rates Side with more resources wins Ulysses S Grant War of Attrition

b. _________________ = general of Union forces William T. Sherman b. _________________ = general of Union forces i. Strategy = _______________ _______________ … burn anything that might be useful to the enemy ii. Infamous for _________________ : captured Atlanta and burned everything as troops marched to Savannah Scorched Earth Policy Sherman’s March

a. _______________ = President of Confederacy Is it not strange that the descendants of those Pilgrim Fathers who crossed the Atlantic to preserve their own freedom have always proved the most intolerant of the spiritual liberty of others? “There are few, I believe, in this enlightened age, who will not acknowledge that slavery as an institution is a moral and political evil.” – Robert E. Lee 4. Confederate Leaders a. _______________ = President of Confederacy b. ______________________ = head general of Confederate forces i. Opposed to secession turned down Lincoln’s offer to lead Union forces strategy = _______________ * do not need to win… just need to tire out North Jefferson Davis Robert E. Lee Defensive War

Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson c. __________________ = Confederate General i. Strategy: uses cavalry to outflank enemy and attack supply line ii. Accidentally shot and killed by his own troops "Give General Jackson my affectionate regards, and say to him: he has lost his left arm but I my right." – Robert E. Lee

Songs of the Civil War http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord; He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored; He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword; His truth is marching on. Glory, glory, hallelujah! Listen

Full version of Battle Hymn of the Republic by Julia Ward Howe Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored, He has loosed the fateful lightening of His terrible swift sword Chorus: His truth is marching on. Glory! Glory! Hallelujah! His truth is marching on I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps Chorus I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnish`d rows of steel, "As ye deal with my contemners, So with you my grace shall deal;" Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! be jubilant, my feet! In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea, With a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me: As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,

John Brown’s Song Old John Brown’s body lies moldering in the grave, While weep the sons of bondage whom he ventured all to save; But tho he lost his life while struggling for the slave, His soul is marching on. John Brown was a hero, undaunted, true and brave, And Kansas knows his valor when he fought her rights to save; Now, tho the grass grows green above his grave, His soul is marching on. He captured Harper’s Ferry, with his nineteen men so few, And frightened "Old Virginny" till she trembled thru and thru; They hung him for a traitor, themselves the traitor crew, But his soul is marching on. John Brown was John the Baptist of the Christ we are to see, Christ who of the bondmen shall the Liberator be, And soon thruout the Sunny South the slaves shall all be free, For his soul is marching on. The conflict that he heralded he looks from heaven to view, On the army of the Union with its flag red, white and blue. And heaven shall ring with anthems o’er the deed they mean to do, For his soul is marching on. Ye soldiers of Freedom, then strike, while strike ye may, The death blow of oppression in a better time and way, For the dawn of old John Brown has brightened into day, And his soul is marching on.

Dixie Oh, I wish I was in the land of cotton, Cinnamon seed and sandy bottom, Look away, look away, look away Dixie Land. In Dixie Land, where I was born in, Early on one frosty mornin’ Look away, look away, look away Dixie Land I wish I was in Dixie, Hooray! Hooray! To live and die in Dixie Away, away, away down south in Dixie Listen

Full Version of Dixie O, I wish I was in the land of cotton Old times there are not forgotten Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land. In Dixie Land where I was born in Early on one frosty mornin' Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land. Chorus: O, I wish I was in Dixie! Hooray! Hooray! In Dixie Land I'll take my stand To live and die in Dixie Away, away, Away down south in Dixie! Old Missus marry Will, the weaver, William was a gay deceiver Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land. But when he put his arm around her He smiled as fierce as a forty pounder Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land. Chorus His face was sharp as a butcher's cleaver But that did not seem to grieve her Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land. Old Missus acted the foolish part And died for a man that broke her heart Look away! Look away! Look away! Dixie Land. Chorus

Questions: Why do you think poet Julia Ward Howe changed the lyrics to “John Brown’s Body” to “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”? Analyze Lyrics: Why do you think Union soldiers found “The Battle Hymn of the Republic” so inspiring? Draw Inferences: Why might Lincoln have asked for “Dixie” to be played when the war ended?