1. In order to determine how various organisms are related, scientists have organized them into classification groups or taxa. List the levels of classification in order from most broad to most specific? 2. The study of how organisms are classified is known as _______. A. investigation B. zoology C. ecology D. taxonomy 3. There are several processes that are necessary for the survival of every species of living things. One process, which creates offspring of the living organism, is called ____________. 4. A _______ consists only of organisms of the same type that are able to breed and produce young of the same type. A. Species B. Kingdom C. Genus D. Family 5. Which of the following is one of the main purposes of leaves? A. take in water B. produce seeds C. absorb light D. attract insects

1. Through the process of transpiration, plants ________________________ A. lose water B. absorb sunlight C. transfer pollen D. break down sugar 2. A plant would not be able to complete photosynthesis without ________________ A. oxygen B. glucose C. food D. water 3. Plants make sugar molecules from ______________________ A. oxygen, nitrogen B. carbon dioxide, water C. nitrates and water 4. The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is _______________ A. water B. power plants C.the Moon D. the Sun 5. Which of these can make its own food from carbon dioxide, water, and light energy? _______________________________ A. algae B. mushrooms C. dragonfly D. acorn

1. A seed _______ to become a seedling 1. A seed _______ to become a seedling. It then _______ to become a flower or tree A. germinates/grows B. pollinates/grows C. grows/dies 2. Some plants can reproduce asexually when they are cut or damaged. These plants can sprout new growth from their _______. A. roots B. leaves C. stem D. all of these 3. What is the purpose of the fruit? A. shade the seed B. fertilize the seed C. protect the seed D. digest the seed 4. Around 80 percent of all plants produce flowers. Which of the following processes are flowers involved in? A. food production B. protection C. reproduction D. growth 5. What vascular tube transports water from the roots to the rest of the plants? A. Ploem B. Xylem C. Stomata D. Stem

Essential Question: How do animals respond to environmental stimuli? Key Concept: Animals have physical responses that are caused by environmental stimuli. (Stimuli happens first and responses happens second.)

Responses to Temperature Stimuli: 1. Shedding - animals may form fur/feather to insulate their body from cold weather. They may shed this extra covering in hot weather.

Responses to Temperature Stimuli: 2. Sweating - Major way of getting rid of excess body heat. When sweat evaporates, its cools the animal off.

Responses to Temperature Stimuli: 3. Panting - (breathing heavy) another way of getting rid of excess body heat. It increases air flow which increases evaporation = cooling

Responses to Temperature Stimuli: 4. Shivering - Increase heat production by transforming energy into heat, involuntary (can not control) response to drop in temperature.

Responses to Environmental Stimuli: --Blinking-- -Automatic response to protect the eye -some animals need to blink to keep eye covered with a tear film -tear film protects the eye from: *drying out **potential infection ***being injured from foreign objects

Responses to Environmental Stimuli: --Food Gathering-- -Process of finding food by hunting, fishing, gathering - Some animals gather food when seasons change to respond to shorter days or change in temperature.

Responses to Environmental Stimuli: --Food Storing-- -Some animals begin to gather and store when it is plentiful, so they can save it for a time when food is scarce like winter. examples: ants, beavers, squirrels, and mice. - some animals store nutrition in forms of fat. **These animals will over eat and reduce their physical activity to conserve energy in response to cold weather or drought. examples: bears, penguins, walruses, and chipmunks

Summary: How do animals respond to hot temperatures Summary: How do animals respond to hot temperatures? How do animals respond to cold temperatures? How do animals respond to environmental stimuli? Questions: Develop questions using your bloom's taxonomy cards for each sections of your notes.

Essential Question: How do animals' behaviors help them cope with changes in the environment? Key Concept: Animals may respond to environmental stimuli through behaviors that include hibernation, migration, defense, and courtship.

What is a behavior? - A complex set of responses to stimuli. **Behavioral responses refer to how animals cope with changes in their environments. These behaviors include: hibernation, migration, defense, and courtship.

- When an animal goes into a period of deep sleep. What is hibernation? - When an animal goes into a period of deep sleep. - The animal's heart rate and breathing slow down. - The body temperature falls so it is close to that of the environment. -Very little energy is used - so less food is needed - During winter or cold weather (can be for all or part of winter) - Some mammals, many amphibians and reptiles hibernate. Examples: snakes, groundhogs, beavers, squirrels. - When temperature warms up then the animals wake up.

Did you know: Most bears do not hibernate. They do enter a sleeplike state, but they wake up from time to time. Their body temperature does not drop as low as that of true hibernators. Compare: Dormant plants = Animals hibernating (INACTIVITY)

What is migration? - The movement of animals from one place to another in response to seasonal changes. - They travel to places where food is available. - Animals that migrate usually migrate to the same place year after year. -The cycle is controlled by the amount of daylight and weather. Examples: ducks, orcas, caribou, monarch butterflies.

Arctic Tern Migration Map

Now try to give an example of each type of defense. What are the different types of defenses? (Matching) -Camouflage: *offensive odor -Smells: * animals travel together -Stingers: * weaker animal looks like a stronger animal -Ejections: * protective coloration-blend with environment -Mimicry: *direct attack to threaten or hurt predators -Grouping: * squirting fluids Now try to give an example of each type of defense.

What are the different types of defenses? (Answers) -Camouflage:protective coloration-blend with environment (arctic fox, lizards) -Smells:offensive odor (skunks) -Stingers: direct attack to threaten or hurt predators (bees, wasps) -Ejections:squirting fluids (squids, horned lizard shoots blood out of eye) -Mimicry:weaker animal looks like a stronger animal ("false" coral snake, moths) -Grouping:animals travel together (fish, zebras, cattle, buffalo, elephants)

- The process of finding a mate. What is courtship? - The process of finding a mate. - Ensures that animals of the same species recognize each other. -Seasonal changes stimulate(start) courtship. -Often sensory cues will serve to attract mates. These include: **chemical odors, sounds, colors Examples: Deer rub tail on tree to leave odor ---- Peacocks show their colorful tail

Summary: What is a behavior Summary: What is a behavior? Describe and give examples of the following terms: Hibernation, migration, defense, and courtship. Questions: Develop questions using your bloom's taxonomy cards for each sections of your notes.

Cause and Effect Foldable Materials: 1 piece of construction paper, 5 pieces of paper, and list of animals and stimuli Sections: 4 columns labeled: Animal Classification Stimulus Response Example: Cat Vertebrate Frightened Hiss Mammal Arch back Endothermic