Chapter 17 Section 1

Focus Question What exports does Austria produce? What exports does Switzerland produce?

Spain and Portugal Iberian Peninsula Separates the Atlantic ocean from the Mediterranean sea Spain is the larger of the two nations. Portugal covers 1/6 the land that Spain does. Isolated from the rest of Europe

Spain Pyrenees Mountain chain separates it from the rest of Europe Spain also has steep cliffs which makes it hard to invade from the sea Meseta is the plateau that forms most of Spain The main river is the Guadalquivir All other rivers in Spain are not wide, deep, or smooth enough for travel

Climate Mediterranean Climate except for the south Mild rainy winters and hot dry summers Average rain fall Crops Cattle, corn The meserta region however is much drier Doesn't receive a lot of rain Rely on dry farming Barley and wheat Sheep and goats Southern Spain is dry Semiarid climate

Economy Shifted from agriculture to industry Main exports Transportation equipment Iron Industrial centers Barcelona Largest port and the center of manufacture, textiles, and plastics Spain suffers from high unemployment

Patterns of settlement and cultural divergence Largest city and the capitol is Madrid Barcelona is another major city of Spain Madrid is the central hub of Spain Controls the wealth Controls the government Spain has several distinct regions Castile and Basque are two distinct regions

Portugal About the size of Indiana but has 1.5 times the population Region has abundant rainfall 20+ inches of rainfall a year Making farming prosperous Wheat, barley, and corn Main exports Olive Oil, whine, cork, clothing, and footwear Portugal Faces many challenges Pollution Unemployment Human Challenges

Section 2 Italy

People The region contains the Apennine mountains 10,000 feet above sea level Climate: Mediterranean Wet winters and dry summers Vegetations: Minimal Overgrazing and deforestation 10% the population work in agriculture Catholic Nation

Migrations and the Economy 58 million people live in Italy Mountains dominate the landscape The south is very poverty stricken Country has gone from agriculture to industry member of the EU Relies on Textiles Produces: furniture, house ware, and clothing After the Roman empire collapsed each region governed themselves

Northern Italy Known as European Italy Po River is the main water source Most productive agricultural region in Italy Wheat and rice Italy's Industrial Center 2/3 all Italian goods are produced here Major Cities: Milan and Venice Tourism is very prosperous for the region Pollution is the biggest issue for the region

Central Italy Rome is the largest city in the region Vatican City Capitol of Italy Vatican City 1sq mile 1,000 people reside here Headquarters of the catholic church Pope lives here Bologna Agricultural center Florence Cultural center Renaissance

Southern Italy Called the Mezzo iorno Contains the lower region of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily and Sardinia People are beginning to move out of the region and into Northern Italy Worst poverty in western Europe No jobs or revenue for the people Sparse agriculture

Section 3 Greece

People and Environment 2,000 islands Have the Alps Plate tectonics/Faults are throughout the region Population is 10.5 million the land is covered in mountains Mt. Olympus is the highest point Agriculture: Sheep, goats, grains, olive oil, and citrus plants

Athens One of the oldest cities in Europe Capitol of Greece Where democracy began Over 1,000 years ago Very crowded city 1/3 population lives here

Greece Ancient land that draws thousands each year Scientist, tourist, and archeologist The ocean can be reach in Greece in less than 85 miles at all points The sea is extremely important for trade Greeks believe that ancient stories like the ones of Homer provided a moral guide for how they should act and live

Focus Question Why was Spain and Portugal isolated from the rest of Europe for so long?