Overweight, obesity, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 120 813 adults from 16 cohort studies from.

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Overweight, obesity, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 120 813 adults from 16 cohort studies from the USA and Europe Prof Mika Kivimäki, PhD, Eeva Kuosma, MSc, Jane E Ferrie, PhD, Ritva Luukkonen, PhD, Solja T Nyberg, MSc, Prof Lars Alfredsson, PhD, G David Batty, PhD, Eric J Brunner, PhD, Eleonor Fransson, PhD, Prof Marcel Goldberg, MD, Prof Anders Knutsson, PhD, Markku Koskenvuo, MD, Maria Nordin, PhD, Tuula Oksanen, PhD, Jaana Pentti, MSc, Prof Reiner Rugulies, PhD, Martin J Shipley, MSc, Archana Singh-Manoux, PhD, Prof Andrew Steptoe, PhD, Sakari B Suominen, MD, Prof Töres Theorell, MD, Prof Jussi Vahtera, MD, Prof Marianna Virtanen, PhD, Prof Peter Westerholm, MD, Prof Hugo Westerlund, PhD, Marie Zins, MD, Prof Mark Hamer, PhD, Joshua A Bell, PhD, Adam G Tabak, PhD, Markus Jokela, PhD The Lancet Public Health Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages e277-e285 (June 2017) DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Study selection ICPSR=Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. UKDS=the UK Data Service. IPD-Work=The Individual-Participant Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. The Lancet Public Health 2017 2, e277-e285DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Associations of BMI categories with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity OR=odds ratio. ORs were adjusted for age, sex, ethnic origin (minimally adjusted), and lifestyle factors (multivariable adjusted). The Lancet Public Health 2017 2, e277-e285DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Associations of BMI categories with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity by method of exposure assessment and outcome ascertainment OR=odds ratio. The Lancet Public Health 2017 2, e277-e285DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Associations of BMI categories with incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity by subgroup OR=odds ratio. The Lancet Public Health 2017 2, e277-e285DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Comparison of study-specific effect estimates for BMI as a predictor of multimorbidity between studies with electronic health records (blue circles) and those with self-reported data (red circles) and between studies with measured BMI (blue circles) and those with self-reported BMI (red circles) The size of each circle is proportional to the study's weight in the analysis. p values are for the difference between the two groups of studies. The Lancet Public Health 2017 2, e277-e285DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30074-9) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions