Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages (March 2013)

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Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 83-90 (March 2013) To Create a Better World for Children and Families: The Case for Ending Childhood Poverty Benard P. Dreyer, MD Academic Pediatrics Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 83-90 (March 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005 Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Percentage of children living below selected poverty thresholds, selected years, 1975−2010.3 Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Percent living below the federal poverty level by age, 2010.4 Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Percent poverty for seniors and children, 1959−2010, selected years.8 Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 The United Nations Children's Fund Report Card 10. Relative childhood poverty: percentage of children (0−17 years) in households with equivalent income less than 50% of the national median, in 35 economically advanced countries.9 Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Absolute childhood poverty in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1989−2009.16 Reprinted from Fast Focus, research brief of the Institute for Research on Poverty, 8 (2010) © 2010 by the Regents of the University of Wisconsin. Used with permission. Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Public spending among selected developed nations on family benefits in cash, services, and tax breaks as percentage of each nation's GDP, 2003.26 Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Average percentile rank on Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Math score by age and income quartiles. Income quartiles are computed from average family income between the ages of 6 and 10.29 Heckman JJ. Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children. Science. Jun 30 2006;312(5782):1900–1902. Reprinted with permission from the AAAS. Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Major findings: High/Scope Perry Preschool study at age 40.31 From The High Scope/Perry Preschool Project Through Age 40: Summary, Conclusions, and Frequently Asked Questions. Ypsilanti, MI: High/Scope Press; 2005. (p. 2) by Schweinhart LJ, Montie J, Xiang Z, et al., Ypsilanti, MI: HighScope Press. © 2005 Year HighScope Educational Research Foundation. Used with permission. Academic Pediatrics 2013 13, 83-90DOI: (10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.005) Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association Terms and Conditions