THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Selim Doganay, MD¹; Soner Demirel, MD¹; Iclal Gurses, MD²; Mustafa Iraz, MD³ Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya-Turkey ¹ Department of Ophthalmology, ² Department of Pathology, ³ Department of Pharmacology Authors have no financial or proprietary interest in any instrument or products used in this study

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Purpose To investigate the effects of prostaglandin analogs and prostamids on ocular surface in rats.

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Introduction Long-term use of topically administered antiglaucomatous medication can induce inflammatory changes on the conjunctiva and corneal surface.¹ Topical treatment may influence the success of glaucoma surgery.²

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Materials and methods 23 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups; 0.03 % bimatoprost (n=6) (Group 1) 0.005 % latanoprost (n=5) (Group 2) 0.004 % travoprost (n=8) (Group 3) Control group (n=4) received no treatment Drugs were dropped bilaterally once a day, during six months.

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Materials and methods At the end of the six month, enucleation was performed then the eyes were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome for light microscopic examination. Dysplasia and keratinization on the ocular surface were evaluated. Number of lymphocytes and mast cells were counted for five adjacent high-power fields (x 400) on the limbal conjunctival subepithelial area. Collagen composition was evaluated according to staining density with trichrome.

Results Keratinization of corneal surface epithelium ( ) THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Results Dysplasia was not observed on corneal and conjunctival epithelium. Corneal and conjunctival keratinization was seen only in bimatoprost group’s (3/12) and latanoprost group’s (1/10). Keratinization of corneal surface epithelium ( )

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Results Mean lymphocytes counts were 1.4 ± 0.19, 2.2 ± 0.39, 2.27 ± 0.33, and 1.87 ± 0.35 in groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between all groups (p>0.05). Bimatoprost 1.40 ± 0.19 Latanoprost 2.20 ± 0.39 Travoprost 2.27 ± 0.33 Control 1.87 ± 0.35

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Results Mean mast cells counts were 2.58 ± 0.5, 5.4 ± 1.1, 5.7 ± 0.58, and 3.0±0.59 in groups, respectively. Latanoprost group’s and travoprost group’s mast cell counts were more than others group’s (p<0.05). Bimatoprost 2.58 ± 0.50 Latanoprost 5.40 ± 1.10 Travoprost 5.70 ± 0.58 Control 3.00 ± 0.59

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Results Mean collagen trichrome staining density scores were 1.0 ± 0.85, 2.0 ± 0.0, and 1,73 ± 0.7 in groups, respectively. Latanaprost group’s and travoprost group’s trichrome staining density were more than bimatoprost group’s (p<0.05). No difference between latanoprost group’s and travoprost group’s (p>0.05). Groups Mean±Std. Deviation Bimatoprost 1.00±0.85 Latanoprost 2.00±0.00 Travoprost 1.73±0.70

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS a b c d Control’s (a), bimatoprost’s (b), Travoprost’s (c), and latanaprost’s (d) trichrome staining.

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS Conclusions Long-term use of antiglaucomatous drugs may cause ocular surface changes. Chronic inflammatory changes seen in latanoprost group’s and travoprost group’s were more than bimatoprost group’s in our study. The possible reason of these effects might be differences of preservative concentration, pH, and active ingredients in drugs formulation.

THE EFFECT OF PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGS AND PROSTAMIDS ON OCULAR SURFACE IN RATS References 1. Broadway DC, Grierson I, O’Brien C, Hitchings RA Adverse effects of topical antiglaucoma medication. I. The conjunctival cell profile. Arch Ophthalmol.1994;112: 1437-45. 2. Flach AJ. Does medical treatment influence the success of trabeculectomy? Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;102:219-23.