How did Mao change China ?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
By W. A. Boyce. INEQUALITIES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR Many peasants were on military service and were away from their villages Small units of land No farm.
Advertisements

Economic Development 16-2 Haley W.. Lesson Questions 1.What obstacles stood in the way of the modernization of China? 2.What were the Great Leap Forward.
C OLD W AR P ROJECT : C HINA B ECOMING C OMMUNIST & M AO Z EDONG By: Justice Gessert.
The Soviet Union Under Stalin – Part I
Chinese Civil War—Part II Chinese Civil War During World War II, the Communists battled the Japanese while the Nationalists received support.
By W.A. Boyce. We communists are now in power. But China is weak after 20 years of war and civil war. We need to build up China’s strength to protect.
Soviet Union Under Stalin
A Leader’s Statistics: - millions imprisoned or exiled - 6 to 7 million killed by a forced famine -millions executed -4 to 6 million dispatched to forced.
Stalin and Totalitarianism
Communist Revolution. China’s Civil War In 1911, after thousands of years of being ruled by emperors, the last of China’s royal dynasty’s was toppled.
Communists Take Power in China Chapter China’s Civil War Before World War II, the Nationalists and the Communists were fighting a civil war Before.
Mao: Collectivisation and agricultural policies Elissa Khawli.
Years of Great Change Think about the ‘intentions’ speech, how can the Communist government keep their promises? Think about the following.
Communists Take Power in China. Communists vs. Nationalists Remember China was invaded by Japan in During this time, China was in a Civil War between.
Thesis Rationale Thesis: Mao’s Five Year Plan successfully industrialized China by improving the productivity and transportation. Mao’s ultimate goal was.
Stalin and Collectivization Good Hair. It is Stalin has now become leader of the USSR. Despite the efforts of Lenin and the NEP Russia is still.
Emergent Nationalism in Asia Chinese Domestic Policies:
Soviet Union Under Stalin
 Establishing Modern Civilizations CHINA. China Changes  1644-Last and largest dynasty, Qing Dynasty  mid-1800’s-China’s population had more than tripled.
Lesson 1a – 5 Year Plan Essential Question
Thesis Rationale Thesis: The Five Year Plan helped China to be independent and powerful under Mao’s political ideology. In October 1949 Mao announced his.
The Rise of Mao Zedong.  China early 1900’s - ripe for revolution ◦ traditionalists vs. modernists  Nationalists (industrialists) assume control of.
Russia After the Revolution. The Death of Lenin After only 3-years as leader of Russia, Lenin dies in A power struggle to see who will be the next.
RUSSIA: WORLD’S FIRST COMMUNIST STATE. Russian Revolution read pages and complete an outline.
By: Maddi Oliver 2 nd hour World History PAGES
The “great leap forward” is the term used to describe china’s aspirations to utilize its massive population to improve agriculture and industry from
CHAPTER 15, SECTIONS 2 & 3 Dictatorships in Italy, Germany and Russia.
How did Mao consolidate his power using collectivisation?
Collectivisation and the Kulaks. In 1929 Stalin decided that the economic freedoms of the NEP should stop. The state would take direct control over every.
Chapter 17-2 Communist China. Communists vs. Nationalists Civil War Civil War.
Economies of Asia. Economy of India Since independence (1947), struggle to modernize & diversify the economy –Strongly agricultural –Very poor 1940’s-1990’s:
How and why did the system of land ownership change during 1949 – 1957? LO: To understand how Mao moved towards collectivisation Key point to note: We.
Mao´s domestic policy The Land Reform, FYP´s and Industry.
The impact of Communism in China Mao Zedong, Great leap forward, Cultural Revolution, Tiananmen Square.
COLLECTIVISATION. WHAT DO COMMUNISTS BELIEVE? Communists believe in economic planning. The government should organise the economy to meet the people's.
How successful was the First Five Year Plan? L/O – To evaluate the successes and failures of the First Five Year Plan
How did Mao change China between ? L/O – To examine the political, economic and social changes to China in the post-war reconstruction period “Now.
FROM REVOLUTION TO REFORM IN CHINA. COMMUNIST CONTROL OF CHINA  BACKGROUND – AFTER WWII CIVIL WAR RESUMED BETWEEN MAO ZEDONG’S (COMMUNISM) AND JIANG.
Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung Founder of the People’s Republic of China Founder of the People’s Republic of China
Soviet Union Under Stalin
Communists take power in china
CHINA A communist country.
Communist Revolution.
End of WWII Bellwork What was the purpose of the United Nations?
THINGS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT
“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” ~Mao Tse-Tung
Communist Rule in Modern China
Communists Take Power in China
Communists Take Power in China
Background on China & Life Under Mao
Warm Up and HW Read and answer ALL YELLOW QUESTIONS!
What impact did Vladimir Lenin have on Russia?
How did Communism influence China?
Revolution in China Learning Goal 2: Describe the factors that led to the spread of communism in China and describe how communism in China differed from.
Communists Take Power in China
A New China.
Communist China.
Communist Revolution.
REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA: 1917 March & November
Mao’s Five Year Plan
Stalin’s Economic Policies
War, civil war and CCP victory
Communist China.
The Chinese Communist Revolution
What is Communism? Communism - a government where people shared work fairly and were paid equally. The word “Communism” comes from the Latin word “Communis”
Friday, May 10th HW: Read pages
Background on China & Life Under Mao
How did Mao change China ?
Interpret these 2 quotes.
Presentation transcript:

How did Mao change China 1949-1957? L/O – To examine the agricultural, industrial and social reforms of the Communists between 1949-1957 Video = 1.30.18 – 1.53.32

What problems did Mao have in 1949? Try to think about the legacy of the Second World War and Civil War on China Mao’s Problems in 1949 Economic? Industrial? Agricultural? Political? Foreign? Social?

China’s Problems in 1949 Political Economic Social Foreign The CCP had to prove that they were capable of providing a strong and effective government. Opposition to the government had to be removed or brought under control. It was very poor. Industrial production was 50% down on the best pre-war figure and food production was down by 25%. Manchuria, China’s most industrialised region, had been occupied by the Japanese. There was rapid inflation. Most of the people were peasants who could not read or write. The Chinese people did not want change. They mistrusted all modern ideas in farming, industry, education, medicine and women’s rights. Most of the world refused to recognise the CCP. The USA continued to recognise the Kuomintang in Taiwan. Only the Soviet Union would help the new China.

How did Agriculture change? In 1950 Mao introduced an Agrarian Reform Law. He sent CCP workers into each village to enforce it. They took the land from landlords and shared it out amongst village peasants. They also got peasants to put landlords on trial in so-called ‘People’s Courts’.

People’s Courts Mao wanted the executions to have maximum impact by involving peasants in the killing and having executions in public: “Peasants who killed with their bare hands the landlords who oppressed them were wedded to the new revolutionary order in a way that passive spectators could never be.” From P. Short, Mao: A Life, 1999 At these trials the landlords were accused of charging high rents or mistreating their tenants. Some were let off, but many landlords were imprisoned or executed. Party workers set up the courts but peasants ran them. Why? Between 700,000 – 3 million landlords were executed. This further increased support and faith in Mao. Why?

Population ↑, Food Production ↓ = ? Land reform made Mao popular but in the short-term it only decreased productivity. Mao eventually planned to ‘collectivise’ farming to raise productivity, but this would only anger peasants who has just won their own land. The population was growing and to avoid famine, Mao slowly tried to persuade peasants to work together to raise food production.

Mutual Aid Teams His first step was to introduce Mutual Aid Teams. “In 1951 we set up a Mutual Aid Team. The work went well, but there were lots of quarrels about whose land should be worked on first. It was difficult to solve all these problems. Some said ‘Why should his field be taken first? I’ve got a bigger crop.’ Whatever we did this went on. So we then began to talk about forming a peasant’s co-operative.” His first step was to introduce Mutual Aid Teams. Peasants worked on each other’s land, fertilising, killing pests or harvesting so that each family’s plot would become more productive. Government supplied extra fertiliser & tools to reward hardworking families but it did not raise productivity enough.

The Co-operatives From 1953, Mao encouraged peasants to form co-operatives. This meant land was jointly owned so one large crop could be grown efficiently. Resources could be pooled to buy equipment, fertilisers & seeds. Some peasants opposed this (Why?) but by 1957, over 90% of China’s peasants belonged to co-operatives.

f 1953 – All peasants encourage to join co-operatives 1957 – Over 90% of peasants now in co-operatives 1951 – Mutual Aid Teams set up

How did Agriculture Change? Use pages 268-269 of Modern World History to help you answer the following questions: What was Chinese farming like before 1949? How did peasants deal with the landlords? How did farming methods change? Did peasants attitudes to reforms change over time? Were the changes in farming successful?

How did Industry change? When the CCP took over the economy was in ruins. Industry had been destroyed and inflation was over 1000%. Mao introduced a series of measures to deal with this chaos: 1. Mao ordered prices and wages to be fixed at a low rate. He punished black marketeers severely. Inflation was down to 15% within a year. 2. He increased the taxes paid by business and in 1953 took over all businesses. Government planned and organised what should be produced. 3. He took over private banks and introduced the ‘People’s Bank’ in 1951. This helped to stabilise the currency. 4. Railway links were repaired and taken over by government so that industries could be supplied with coal.

Why do you think Mao used help from the USSR? The Five Year Plan 1953-1957 By 1953 the economy had stabilised and Mao began the first 5 Year Plan. With the help of the USSR he began an ambitious programme to build new industries. Thousands of Russian scientists and engineers supervised millions of Chinese on over 700 major projects. Why do you think Mao used help from the USSR?

The Five Year Plan 1953-1957 The focus was on heavy industries – steel, coal, chemicals. These would provide the raw materials to build planes, trains and engines which would improve transport. Why was the emphasis of the Five-Year Plan on heavy industry?

The Five Year Plan 1953-1957 The plan achieved astounding results. Motivated Chinese workers surpassed all the targets. In five years, China was criss-crossed with railways which moved vital goods over vast distances. The population of cities soared as peasants moved to the jobs created in the new industries.

Social Reforms Look at page 271. Make a spider diagram of the major social changes. During the 1950s Mao attempted to modernise and reform many other aspects of life in China such as: Education What do you think was the purpose of these reforms? Women’s Rights Healthcare Sanitation