Efficacy and safety of inhaled tacrolimus in rat lung transplantation Noboru Ide, MD, Takeshi Nagayasu, MD, Keitarou Matsumoto, MD, Tsutomu Tagawa, MD, Kenji Tanaka, MD, Tsunenori Taguchi, MD, Yorihisa Sumida, MD, Mikiro Nakashima, PhD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 133, Issue 2, Pages 548-553 (February 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002 Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Double chamber was used to administer inhaled tacrolimus to ensure animals were exposed to appropriate dose. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 133, 548-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Rejection grade on POD 7. Differences among control, 0.3-IM, and 3-IT groups were not significant. In groups 1.0-IM and 12-IT, histologic grade of the graft showed significantly less rejection than in other groups (P < .01). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 133, 548-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Tacrolimus (FK506) concentrations in whole blood were measured with microparticle enzyme immunoassay method. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 133, 548-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Tacrolimus (FK506) concentrations in homogenates of allograft lungs were measured with microparticle enzyme immunoassay method. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 133, 548-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining with labeled streptavidin biotin–alkaline phosphatase enzyme system in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue cells present in allografts on postoperative day 7. A, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen–positive cells are present in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of animal from group 1.0-IM. B, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen–positive cells are rarely observed in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of animal from group 12-IT. Brown dots indicate proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 133, 548-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue cell proliferating cell nuclear antigen index of allografts on postoperative day 7. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue cell proliferating cell nuclear antigen index was significantly lower in group 12-IT than in groups 1.0-IM (P = .0209) and 0.5-IM (P = .0209). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2007 133, 548-553DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.002) Copyright © 2007 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions