TEPCO’s ALARA Program (Basic Policy of Mid- and Long- Term Exposure Reduction) Toshiyuki HAYASHIDA Tokyo Electric Power Company Radiation Protection Group ISOE Asian ALARA Symposium September 12-13, 2007, Seoul, KOREA

Contents TEPCO situations Improvement of Process Improved Process Exposure trends ALARA activities Improvement of Process Objectives and Approach Identifying gaps Scope of Activities Improved Process Mid-/long-term dose target process Basic policy for mid- and long-term Outage dose target process

Profile - Location

TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants 17 BWRs including 2 ABWRs (total capacity 17,308MWe) - 28% of generation capacity - 41% of generated electricity (FY 2006)

TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants Commercial Capacity Unit Type Operation　Start (MW) No.1 BWR-3 460 Mar.1971 No.2 BWR-4 784 Jul.1974 Fukushima No.3 BWR-4 784 Mar.1976 Daiichi(1F) No.4 BWR-4 784 Oct.1978 No.5 BWR-4 784 Apr.1978 No.6 BWR-5 1100 Oct.1979 No.1 BWR-5 1100 Apr.1982 Fukushima No.2 BWR-5 1100 Feb.1984 Daini(2F) No.3 BWR-5 1100 Jun.1985 No.4 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1987 No.1 BWR-5 1100 Sep.1985 No.2 BWR-5 1100 Sep.1990 No.3 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1993 Kashiwazaki No.4 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1994 Kariwa(KK) No.5 BWR-5 1100 Apr.1990 No.6 ABWR 1356 Nov.1996 No.7 ABWR 1356 Jun.1997

Exposure Trends in TEPCO Person-Sv No. of Workers Fukushima Daiichi NPS Fukushima Daini NPS Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPS

TEPCO’S ALARA Activities Radiation Field Control Source term removal Reduced corrosion products from feed water piping by injecting oxygen Use of low-cobalt material Use of weatherproof steel in component materials for feed water and condensate system Dual condensate purification system Flushing and Chemical Decon. Shielding Permanent shielding in PCV Temporary shielding for high-radiation work ALARA Management

Annual Collective Dose Collective Dose (Person-Sv/yr・reactor) FY2005 FY2006 Fukushima Daiichi（１Ｆ） 2.6 2.9 Fukushima Daini（２Ｆ） 1.1 0.9 Kashiwazaki Kariwa（ＫＫ） 1.3

Benchmarking

Ratio of Collective Dose in Japan (FY2006) Benchmarking Ratio of Collective Dose in Japan (FY2006) 1F:26% KK:10% 2F:5% TEPCO’s total:41%

More Efficiently and Effectively! Objectives Reshape ALARA Management by； Reviewing ALARA management “As-Is” process Identifying a gap between “As-Is” and “To-Be” process Focusing on the interface between radiation protection and maintenance staff at work planning and post-outage steps Incorporating ALARA Considerations into Job More Efficiently and Effectively!

Approach The project team “Dose Target Control Peer Team” organized Team Members Leader : Radiation Protection Manager(H/O) Permanent Members : Radiation Protection, Radiation Safety, Chemistry staff from H/O , 1F, 2F, KK Temporary Members: Maintenance staff from H/O,1F, 2F, KK

Identifying Gaps Lack of mid- and long-term target Lack of inter-group communication between RP and maintenance group Little RP staff involvement of work planning and post-job performance review Little chance to identify good practice and to propose dose reduction measures for job

Lack of Mid- / Long-term Target Vision Mid- and Long-term Dose Plan Expectations from the management (Division Director,Site President) Projection of : Each work dose Outage dose Annual dose

Lack of Interface Maintenance RP Long-term plan Annual dose plans Outage plan RWA Review / approval Review main work schedule Weak Relations Outage dose plan Review detailed work schedule Tracking dose Work management Post-outage follow-up RWA report Weak Relations Incorporation of lessons learned Outage report

Team Vision The Dose Target Control Peer Team facilitates the Maintenance Department and Radiation Control Department as they jointly define provisions to be implemented in each step of maintenance processes(planning, scheduling, work and evaluation), and communicate with each other to evaluate planned and actual figures in dose targets, thereby achieving dose reduction.

Scope of Activities Setting Mid- and Long-term Dose Target Process Setting Outage Dose Target Process Proposal for incorporating dose reduction measures Radiation Protection Management Basic Policy for Mid- and Long-term Exposure Reduction Planning Follow-up Action Maintenance Process Work Dose Target Plans for annual and Mid- /Long-term Exposure Reduction Check&Review Examining reflection items for the next outage Reviewing dose performance

Setting Mid- / Long-term Plans New process Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose plans Expectations output Expected performance Basic Policy input Vision of site dose performance The world’s top XX% Future schedule input Projected performance The world’s top AA% input Past performance

Basic Policy Proposed by Radiation Protection & Management Group (head office) Approval of director of nuclear power plant management department(head office) Annually assess implementation results and determine the need for review Setting basic policy for mid- and long-term exposure reduction

Kasiwazaki Kariwa(KK) Basic Policy Collective dose in BWR (2003-2005 Average) Santa Maria De Garona(1) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Tarapur(1) Perry(1) Quad Cities(2) Tokai-II(1) Fukushima Daiichi(6) Laguna Verde(2) Cofrentes(1) Ringhals(1) Browns Ferry(2) Clinton(1) Nine Mile Point(2) Columbia Gen Sta(1) Shimane(2) Tsuruga(1) Shika(1) Dresden(2) LaSalle(2) Kuosheng(2) Pilgrim(1) Vermont Yankee(1) Peach Bottom(2) Fukushima Daini(4) Hamaoka(5) Hope Creek(1) Kashiwazaki Kariwa(7) Fermi(1) River Bend(1) Cooper(1) Gundremmingen Npp(2) Brunswick(2) Chinshan(2) Monticello(1) Muehleberg(1) Grand Gulf(1) Hatch(2) Susquehanna(2) Leibstadt(1) FitzPatrick(1) Kruemmel(1) Oyster Creek(1) Philippsburg(1) Isar(1) Limerick(2) Duane Arnold(1) Oskarshamn(3) Olkiluoto(2) Forsmark(3) Onagawa(3) Brunsbuettel(1) Higashidori (1) 線量　人Ｓｖ／年・炉 Top Quartile 2nd Quartile 3rd Quartile Bottom Quartile Fukusima Daini(2F) Kasiwazaki Kariwa(KK) Fukusima Daiich(1F) 1F:Mid-term 1F:Long-term 2F,KK:Mid-term 2F,KK:Long-term Mid-term : collective dose three years’ average (2007-2009) Long-term : collective dose three years’ average (2015-2017)

Basic Policy Mid-Term Long-Term Fukushima Daiichi (1F) Approaches the 46th World’s Third quartile 47th in the world 2.5 Sv/yr・reactor 38th in the world 1.8 Sv/yr・reactor Fukushima Daini (2F) World’s Top quartile World’s Top Tenth 13th in the world 1.0 Sv/yr・reactor 0.9 Sv/yr・reactor Kashiwazaki Kariwa (KK)

Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose Plans Aim at a basic policy of mid- and long-term (expected performance) Proposed by Radiation Safety Group (Site) Approval of Site President Annually review Site president assesses “projected performance” by comparing with “expected performance”, and decides “vision of site dose performance”.

Interface between Maintenance and RP Long-term plan Mid- /Long-term and annual dose plans Outage plan RP proposal Review main work schedule Involved in work schedule RWA Review / approval Review detailed work schedule Outage dose plan Work management Tracking dose Post-outage follow-up RWA report Incorporation of lessons learned Outage report

RP Proposal Proposed dose reduction measures to maintenance team before outage contract RP Proposal Effecting long-term or short-term(outage) maintenance plans For selected job (High radiation work) Based on lessons learned at former outage

Involvement in Work Schedule RP share information of detailed work schedule with maintenance team and contractors. RP involvement Suggestions for rearranging the work steps which achieve significant dose reduction. Providing dose information of the same operation areas to maintenance team and contractors (Each job process optimally planned from the perspective of dose reduction).

Outage Report Prepared by RP at post-outage follow-up step and report out to maintenance team Including what maintenance team expect to know about outage jobs Involving following information Dose performance of selected jobs Proposals for dose reduction measures that should be reflected to the next outage or other plants Punch lists for the proposal.

Implementation Program Outage dose target process Trial implemented last year (FY2006) Selected a couple of high radiation jobs of each trial plants The trial result is being evaluating. Full implementation began in April (FY2007) Coverage is high radiation jobs of each plants Mid- and long-term dose target process Began in April (FY2007)

Summary The basic policy for mid- and long-term exposure reduction was decided. Setting “targets” in the basic policy as well as mid/long-term and annual plans,there was clarified the expectation of the management and the vision of exposure reduction. “Mid- and long-term dose target process” and “Outage dose target process” began in April (FY2007)