Kristina S. Beekhuizen, PhD, PT, Edelle C. Field-Fote, PhD, PT

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Sensory Stimulation Augments the Effects of Massed Practice Training in Persons With Tetraplegia Kristina S. Beekhuizen, PhD, PT, Edelle C. Field-Fote, PhD, PT Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 89, Issue 4, Pages 602-608 (April 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.021 Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Hand function outcomes. Subjects in the MP+SS, MP, and SS groups each differed significantly from the subjects in the control group in JTHFT scores. Subjects in the MP+SS group also differed significantly from the MP and SS groups. Legend: open bar is mean pretest values ± SEM; closed bar is mean post-test values ± SEM. *P≤.01; †P≤.001. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 602-608DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.021) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Upper-extremity function outcomes. Subjects in the MP+SS group differed significantly from the subjects in the MP, SS, and control groups in WMFT scores. Subjects in the SS group differed significantly from the control group. Legend: open bar is mean pretest values ± SEM; closed bar is mean post-test values ± SEM. *P≤.01; †P≤.001. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 602-608DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.021) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Pinch strength outcomes. Subjects in the MP+SS and SS groups differed significantly from the control group in pinch grip force scores. Legend: open bar is mean pretest values ± SEM; closed bar is mean post-test values ± SEM. *P≤.01. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 602-608DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.021) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Sensory function outcomes. Subjects in the MP+SS and SS groups had significant increases in Semmes-Weinstein monofilament scores. Subjects in the MP and control groups did not demonstrate a significant change. Legend: open bar is mean percent change ± SEM. *P≤.01. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 602-608DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.021) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Cortical motor threshold outcomes. Subjects in the MP+SS and MP groups differed significantly from the subjects in the control group in MEP threshold values. Legend: open bar is mean pretest values ± SEM; closed bar is mean posttest values ± SEM. *P≤.001. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2008 89, 602-608DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.021) Copyright © 2008 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions