DNA and the Genome Self Manager Reflective Learner Independent L.O: To describe the structure of DNA, define the term ‘genome’ and understand the importance studying the human genome MUST: Describe the location and structure of DNA SHOULD: Define what a ‘genome’ is COULD: Describe some applications of studying the human genome Self Manager Reflective Learner Independent Enquirer

Literacy Starter 1. Unscramble the key words: NEEG LUSCUNE MAGEETS HOOOMMCRSE MAGEETS 2. Match the key word with the correct meaning: GENE Humans have 23 pairs found in the nucleus of cells Contain half the genetic information needed to make a new organism. CHROMOSOME GENE – NUCLEUS – CHROMOSOME – GAMETES; GENE-3, CHROMOSOME – 1, GAMETES - 2 GAMETES A section of DNA that codes for a characteristic 3. Make three sentences using these nine words. Choose one word from each box. DNA CELL SEXUAL REPRODUCTION SPERM GENES VARIATION EGG CHROMOSOMES GAMETES

ANSWERS 1. Unscramble the key words: GENE NUCLEUS GAMETES CHROMOSOME GAMETES 2. Match the key word with the correct meaning: GENE A section of DNA that codes for a characteristic Humans have 23 pairs found in the nucleus of cells CHROMOSOME Contain half the genetic information needed to make a new organism. GENE – NUCLEUS – CHROMOSOME – GAMETES; GENE-3, CHROMOSOME – 1, GAMETES - 2 GAMETES 3. Make three sentences using these nine words. Choose one word from each box. DNA CELL SEXUAL REPRODUCTION SPERM GENES VARIATION EGG CHROMOSOMES GAMETES

Chromosomes, genes and DNA The nucleus contains pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent). Each chromosome is made of DNA. Genes are a section of DNA (on a chromosome) that code for a particular characteristic (e.g. blood group)

Match the description to the word Made of two strands forming a double helix Contains organelles and is where most of the chemical reactions take place A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic Contains chromosomes in pairs (in body cells) or individually (in sex cells) The basic structure that makes up all organisms Coils of DNA which contain genes

Match the description to the word - ANSWERS Made of two strands forming a double helix - DNA Contains organelles and is where most of the chemical reactions take place - CYTOPLASM A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic - GENE Contains chromosomes in pairs (in body cells) or individually (in sex cells) - NUCLEUS The basic structure that makes up all organisms - CELL Coils of DNA which contain genes - CHROMOSOME

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Task Complete Student activity ‘Why does the genome matter?’ Use these to help you answer the questions Biology AQA textbook The internet Reference material from your teacher

Answers 1. The term genome means the entire genetic material of an organism. (1 mark) 2. a The original aim of the human genome project was to sequence the entire human genome. (1 mark) bScientists were able to obtain human DNA from all of the chromosomes in the nucleus, and from DNA in the mitochondria. (2 marks) cThe human genome project has been extended by initially sequencing the genomes of 1000 people and now 1 million people. (1 mark) dThe project was extended to find out more information about human DNA and to compare people. (1 mark) eThey were able to complete the project much quicker. It also spread the cost around the world. (2 marks) f By sequencing both organisms and comparing similarities and differences. The degree of similarity might suggest the degree of closeness of the relationships. (2 marks) Student follow-up Answers should include details of: Work on inherited disorders Repair of faulty genes Identified genes linked with risks of developing diseases Changes in the genome of cancer cells Treatments for cancer Understanding human evolution Tracing human migration. Self Assess

Pupil – Teacher - Talk Reflective Learner Pupil LOW: Describe the location and structure of DNA MID: Define what a ‘genome’ is HIGH: Describe some applications of studying the human genome Teacher comment Pupil response

DNA and the Genome Self Manager Reflective Learner Independent L.O: To describe the structure of DNA, define the term ‘genome’ and understand the importance studying the human genome MUST: Describe the location and structure of DNA SHOULD: Define what a ‘genome’ is COULD: Describe some applications of studying the human genome Self Manager Reflective Learner Independent Enquirer